
Class. 



Book 



^ 



THE 



AUTOBIOGRAPHY 



LANDLADY OF THE OLD SCHOOL, 



PERSONAL SKETCHES OF 

EMINENT CHARACTERS, PLACES, 
AND MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. 



/ 




BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR 

1854. 






WBIOHT AND HASTY, PRINTXRa, 
WATER STREET, BOSTON. 



PREFACE. 



The author has not had an undue desire for book- 
making, hut having had some experience in the world, 
and being, as will be seen from the work, one of the 
" old school," she has thought that the present gen- 
eration might be benefited by reading an account of 
their fathers and mothers. Not persons only, but 
customs and habits have essentially changed, within 
the last fifty years. Education has taken new forms ; 
but whether for the better on the whole, is a question 
for the wise to consider. 

When the author began life, railroads, steamboats, 
and speaking telegraphs, were unknown. They were 
among the things that were not. Every thing then 
went upon the low pressure; "slow and sure" was 
the watchword. Steady, steady, steady, the instruction 
which fathers gave to their sons, and mothers to their 
daughters. Then lived a generation of men and women 
who could be depended upon ; you knew where to find 
them. Such were those of the fathers and mothers 



IV PRETACE. 

whose character and " manner of life," arc described 
in the following pages. Those who "remain unto this 
present day," we doubt not will read them with some 
good degree of pleasure ; but how it will be with the 
present active generation, who have been trained up 
under different customs, and who more with the light- 
ning's speed, we will not venture a prediction. All we 
have to say is, here is the book, large as life, printed 
on good i^apcr, in fair and legible type, and nicely 
bound, and well lettered. Thus it goes forth from the 
hand of the author, to find a place among the numer- 
ous publications of this publishing age. That it will 
have the widest circulation of any book ever published, 
the author does not expect; that it will pay its way, 
and find some readers, she does not doubt. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

PAGE. 

Scenes of Early Life, ..... 5 

CHAPTER II. 

Further Incidents of Youth, . . . . 12 

CHAPTER III. 

Dover, N. H • 19 

Commencement of Public House-keeping, . 28 

Counselors at Law a Century Ago, . . 31 

Inn-keepers Half a Century Ago, ... 33 

Mechanics in Dover, 34 

High School in Dover, 37 



CONTENTS . 

CHAPTER lY. 
TVakefield, -40 

CHAPTER V. 
Bradford, ....... 45 

CHAPTER Y I. 
School Teaching, 49 

CHAPTER YII. 

Saco, Biddeford — The Hayes Family, . . 55 

CHAPTER YIII. 
Rockport, 60 

CHAPTER IX. 
Gilmanton, 64 

C H A P T E R X . 
Alton, 68 

CHAPTER XI. 
Farmington, ....... 72 



CONTENTS . 

CHAPTER XII. 
Milton, 76 

CHAPTER XIII. 
Great Falls, 83 

CHAPTER XIV. 
Medford, Mass., 100 

CHAPTER XV. 
Chelsea, 102 

CHAPTER XVI. 
Boston, 104 

CHAPTER XVII. 
Biography, " . . 122 

CHAPTER XVIII. 
Miscellaneous, 1^3 



AUTOBIOGllAPHY. 



CHAPTER I. 

SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 

The writer had the advantage of attend- 
hig two of the best schools then kept 
in this country ; one by the Rev. Wm. 
Stone, the other by Rev. Jesse Apple- 
ton, afterwards the renowned President 
of Bowdoin College. Of Mr. Appleton, 
I need not say, he was one of the 
most scientific, and accomplished men 
of the age, too well known to the pub- 
lic to need any commendation from 
me. When he closed the school, every 
eye was moist and every heart sick. 



6 SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 

ISIany of his maxims were excellent 
and have not been forgotten. They 
were calculated to be remembered, and 
they were. Once, upon carrying him 
a copy, which I had written to be 
examined, as was the practice of the 
school, he said, " Sophia, you will soon 
be the best writer in school, if yon 
continue to improve as you have done. " 
This made my youthful heart beat 
with a laudable ambition, not having 
then seen more than twelve summers. 
Before I was thirteen, I had an invi- 
tation to teach a school in Mcader- 
borough, in the upper part of Roch- 
ester, X. II. I commenced the school 
under fiivorable auspices, with eigh- 
teen or twenty scholars, young men 
and women, and three babies. 

It was my first effort, and never did 
I do better. I was young and strove 
to excel. The school was popular 



SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 7 

and I gained much credit, as a teach- 
er. At this advanced period, I can 
call to mind the youthful alacrity with 
which I flew to the faithful and 
conscientious discharge of every duty. 
These are the halcyon days of every 
teacher, — days never to be forgotten. 

Schools then, were not as now, 
filled up with all branches necessary 
to make a finished education, in these 
modern times. The only branches 
taught were reading, spelling, and writ- 
ing. But little was thought in those 
days of the education of daughters. 
To read and write, with a smattering of 
geography and arithmetic were considered 
the ne plus ultra of female education. 
The minds of girls were then considered 
to be inadequate to struggle with the 
higher branches of education, which they 
now master so readily. A thousand 
times have I thought with gratitude of 



SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 

the glorious change which has since 
come over the community. 

The only books then used in school 
were Webster's spelling book, the Testa- 
ment, and the Third Part, for the upper 
class. Who does not remember with 
what sparkling eyes and blushing coun- 
tenances these children advanced from 
ah, to Baker, and then to crucifix, then 
to spelling out the lesson of the old man 
who first tried " grass," and then " what 
virtue there was in stones," upon the 
young rogues who infested his apple- 
tree. 

My school was in good order. Indeed 

1 had then learned from Mr. Appleton 
that 

"Order nvas heaven's first law." 

Special attention was given to the man- 
ners of the pupils. They were taught 
how to enter and leave the school-room. 



SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 9 

They were not allowed to run in, and out, 
like a flock of sheep passing over a gap 
of wall. The how of the little boy was 
something more that a nod over the 
shoulder, by just turning the neck 
askew, and bending it to one side. The 
courtesy of the little girl was attempted, 
till it could be gracefully performed. 
The manner even of walking to, and 
from their seats, was not forgotten to be 
taught. 

By strict attention to these little mat- 
ters, the young school-marm soon gained 
an enviable preeminence. Her school 
was famous through the whole region. 
The parents scarcely knew their own 
children, so much were they improved. 
Parents, teachers and pupils, all came to 
see the school, and went away to praise 
the teacher. 

A schoolmistress in those days was a 
wonder, and especially one so young as 



10 SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 

thirteen. I closed this, my first school, 
with more than the approbation of all 
concerned. Whether this flattering com- 
mencement of my pedagogial labors was 
on the whole beneficial to me in after 
life, will better appear in the sequel. 
Be this as it may, it was truly gratifying 
to my youthful heart. I had really 
commenced the world for myself, and 
felt as though I could make my way 
m society without leaning upon any 
one. 

There is something truly exhilarating 
in teachins: 

" The young idea how to Bhoot." 

It is a bewitching employment, which 
few females who have once entered upon, 
ever leave till they change the state of 
" single blessedness," for the bridal hour 
and domestic duties; or are forced away 
from it by the flourishing of "the almond 



SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 11 

tree," or the dimness of those who " look 
out at the windows." Happy, thrice 
happy, I have often thought, that it is so, 
as it is so necessary and useful an em- 
ployment ! 



12 I^■CIDEISTS OF YOUTH. 



CHAPTER II. 

FURTHER INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 

I HAD now completed my first school, 
and that with unusual eclat. Probably, 
never had so young a girl succeeded 
better than I had, or won richer laiu'els. 
Of course, in Yankee phraseology, I 
began to feel that I knew " pretty con- 
siderable." 

Mr. Brewster, of Portsmouth, (a wor- 
thy name, as all my readers know, in the 
early settlement of the Plymouth colony,) 
engaged our district school. Being now 
fourteen years old, I embraced the oppor- 
tunity of attending, and was one of the 
first three at the opening of the new 
school. 

Our schools then were all known as 
town schools. Academics, high and pri- 



I]SCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 13 

vate schools, were not then among the 
things that were. In those blessed days 
so far as schools were concerned, the rich 
and the poor had equal privileges ; and 
may I not add, in many respects, happy 
would it have been for the community, 
had it so continued to the present time. 
Mr. B. was a " smart " man, with sharp 
black eyes, one look of which would 
pierce a scholar through. His manner 
was peculiar, and he seemed to under- 
stand all our thoughts, and 

" As we gazed, the wonder grew 

That one small head could carry all he knew." 

His discipline was of the old primitive 
kind ; stern and inflexible. In these 
days of modern refinement and sickly 
sentimentality, it would be intolerably 
severe. No doubt he believed the dec- 
laration of the wise man : " he that spar- 
eth the rod, spoilcth his child." 



14 INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 

On the whole, he taught an excellent 
school, and we made good progress in 
our studies. He " sought out many in- 
ventions" to make us learn. We were 
particularly pleased to go into a larger 
book filled with miscellaneous articles. 
Often he would select a piece, and call 
one of the pupils to stand in his desk 
and read it. Though I was not one of 
the best readers, yet I was one of the five 
selected to stand in his desk and read. 
I always supposed this honor was con- 
ferred on mc for my good deportment, 
for, I always endeavored to cultivate the 
gentle manner. 

I always loved my teacher, and I con- 
sider this among the reasons why I im- 
proved so much, at all my schools. I 
think it may be laid down as a general 
fact that, unless a pupil has an affection- 
ate regard for a teacher, as such, but little 
improAcment Mill be made. Dislike to- 



INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 15 

wards an instructor has a paralyzing effect 
upon all progress. It casts a chilling blight 
over all our faculties for improvement. 
Hence, I would admonish my young 
readers to cultivate a spirit of patience, 
forbearance, and esteem for their teach- 
ers, " for their work's sake." Nothing 
will make study more pleasant or delight- 
ful, or contribute more to the improve- 
ment of the pupil. "When I see hatred 
cherished by the pupils of any teacher, I 
always feel that the money paid for the 
school is thrown away. Reciprocity of 
kind feelings between scholars and teach- 
er, are absolutely necessary for the ease, 
happiness, and well being of all. My 
readers will pardon me for dwelling upon 
this point, because I have seen so many 
schools ruined, and so much moiiey 
thrown away, and time lost for the want 
of it. 

Perhaps, I may say a word profitably 



16 INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 

to parents. Very much is depending 
upon you as it respects the progress of 
your children. You should never find 
fault with the teacher before your chil- 
dren. If you feel that he is to be 
blamed, go to him personally and state it 
freely. In this way, you will be likely to 
secure his good feelings, and induce him 
to cooperate with you for the good of 
your children. Every word dropped in 
their hearing, against the teacher, will 
prejudice their minds agamst him, and 
have a strong tendency to prevent their 
progress. The child neither knows, nor 
ought to know, any higher authority 
than the parent. Every word and look, 
and manner of expression of the parent, 
are watched by the child. How very care- 
ful, then, should parents be, that nothing 
detrimental to the character, or qualifi- 
cations of the teacher, should be heard, 
or seen from parents by their children. 



INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 17 

This is of the utmost importance, as it 
respects the government of the school. 
Without proper regulations in school, 
and a punctilious observance of them, 
there can be no proper discipline, either 
for nimd or body. But without the aid 
and cooperation of parents, it will be ex- 
tremely difficult for the best and most 
accomplished teacher, to keep a good 
school. Even if the rules are stringent, 
and the laws severe, it is no part of wis- 
dom for the parents to object to them in 
the presence of their children. Parents 
can do much not only in assisting the 
teacher in governing the school, but also 
in facilitating the progress of their chil- 
dren in their studies. A word of advice, 
or a few moments spent in helping them 
get their lessons, is of unspeakable ben- 
efit to them. When they find their pa- 
rents are interested in their learning, 
they take hold with renewed energ^y. It 

2* 



18 INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 

gives a zest to all their studies. Hence 
we always find those parents the best 
satisfied with the school, and those chil- 
dren make the greatest progress, where 
the parents love learning, and encourage 
their children in pursuing it. 

It may be laid down as a maxim, gen- 
erally true, that those children who are 
well governed, and well managed and 
cared for at home, are the best pupils, 
and give the teacher the least trouble at 
school. Indeed, what else could be ex- 
pected from good family government ? 
It is, as the Bible makes it, the founda- 
tion of all government. Thus was I 
taught in youth, and now as age is 
creeping over me, I can bear testimony 
that nothing transpiring during my whole 
life, has contradicted these wholesome and 
fundamental laws of order and progress. 
Children are only their parents repro- 
duced, to act over the great game of life. 



DOVER. 19 



CHAPTER III. 

DOVER. 

Dover was the first settled town in New 
Hampshire ; settled A. D. 1623. Dover 
is one of the principal towns of the 
county of Strafford, situated about ten 
miles north-west from Portsmouth. Its 
two principal streams are the Cocheco, 
and the Belemy Bank rivers ; they take 
a south-east course through the town, 
and unite with other waters to form the- 
Piscataqua. On Dover neck, the first 
settlement of the town was made, in 
1623, by a company in England, who 
styled themselves the " Company of La- 
conia." 

Dover, some fifty or sixty years ago, 
was thickly peopled. The principal Eng- 
lish goods business was done at the cor- 



iO UOVEU. 

ner ; the lumber and hard ware, at the 
landing. I shall speak of some of the 
/principal gentlemen who did business in 
Dover half a century ago. The Hon. 
William Hale, member of Congress, from 
N. H., was a mercantile gentleman, and 
an importer of hard ware. Mr. Hale was 
extensively known abroad, and highly 
respected ; was a man of strict veracity 
and integrity ; he exemplified his wisdom 
and great strength of mind to the last. 
His large amount of property was left 
equally to his heirs at his decease. 

Dr. Ezra Green, a distinguished sur- 
geon in the French war, kept an exten- 
sive assortment of English goods, in Sil- 
ver street. The venerable Dr. sustained 
the high reputation of an honest man, 
and an exemplary Christian. He Yixcd 
to the advanced years of one hundred 
and upwards, and quietly fell asleep in 
t«h© arms of his God, whom he worshiped. 



DOVER. 21 

I will mention some of the principal 
gentlemen who did business in D. half 
a century ago. Ezra Green, Asa Tufts, 
John Wheeler, George Andrews, Phil- 
emon Chandler, Morrell Curriur, at the 
corner, Michael Read, William Hale, 
Joseph Smith, William Perkins, Joseph 
Gage, Joshua Perkins, James Jewett, 
with their associates, at the landing. 
The gentlemen above named were the 
principal merchants in Dover. They 
were gentlemen of high standing, and 
individually, accumulated a handsome 
property ; and, with the exception of 
Joseph Smith, Esq., all those active, 
enterprising, worthy men, are now in- 
terred in our own burial ground. 

We speak of the fathers from fifty to 
sixty years ago. 

I now speak of the professional gentle- 
men, — physicians. 

The elder Dr. Jacob Kittridge, stood 



2'2 DOVER. 

on an eminence, classed among the first 
of the Kittridges in the Union, for their 
great skill in surgery. His two sons, 
Jacob and George, were distinguished 
physicians ; were cut down in the prime 
of life, in the midst of their usefulness, 
much beloved and deeply lamented. 

Dr. Jabez Dow, was a man of superior 
talents ; had a long and successful prac- 
tice ; was looked up to as a father in the 
highly respectable Strafford District Med- 
ical Society, of JST. H. ; which society is 
not surpassed, at the present time, for 
eminence and skill in its members. 

Dr. Samuel Dow was a man of fine 
promise, successful in his practice, affa- 
ble, hospitable and kind to all. " Death 
in the world is a spoiler," and he was 
early called to bid adieu to all earthly 
friends. 

Dr. Asa Perkins was a well read phy- 



DOVEK. 23 

sician; his health early failed him, which 
prevented a useful practice. 

Gentlemen who have been in the medi- 
cal school for many years : 

Dr. I. Low is eminent in his profes- 
sion ; an exemplary, worthy man, hospit- 
able and kind to all ; has for many years 
had a successful practice, and stands at 
the head of the Strafford District Medical 
Society, and by some is styled " Luke, 
the beloved physician." 

Mrs. Low is a daughter of the late 
Hon. William Hale, a lady of superior 
qualities, affable and beneficent, "ever 
ready to reach her hand forth to the poor 
and needy." 

Dr. Noah Martin has had a long and 
successful practice ; but recently has em- 
barked on the more congenial current of 
politics, and, in fifty-three, was chosen to 
fill the gubernatorial chair. 



24: dovi:r. 

]Mrs. Martin is a daughter of the late 
eminent Dr. Woodbury, and is distin- 
guished for her hospitality and kindness 
to the poor. 

In fifty-four, there are twelve practis- 
ing physicians ; some of whom can com- 
fort and relieve by their advice and coun- 
sel. There are eminent surgeons, men of 
great respectability ; some whose percep- 
tions are rapid ; many give proof of great 
genius in surgery. Some arc charitable, 
generous and skillful. Tlie ingenious 
dentists are much sought unto. The 
homoeopathists by some have the pref- 
erence. 

Dr. Joseph 11. Smith is a talented 
man, irreproachable in his practice. J)rs. 
Thompson and Bickford, celebrated for 
surgery. — Dr. Paul, for dentistry. Drs. 
Stagpole and Pray, for physic. 

Dea. Benjamin Pierce was one of tlie 
pillars of the first cluncli in Dover. Tor 



DOVER. 25 

half a century, his own private house 
was open to the use of the church and 
parish, for church meetings and religious 
exercises. His youngest son sustains the 
same position in the church, at the pres- 
ent time, very much beloved and highly 
respected. 

William Paine, I. Thorndike, Samuel 
Hubbard, E. Frances, Gardner Green, 
David Sears, Wm. Shimmin, Lawrence 
and Parker, Esqs., with their associates, 
were the noble men who laid the founda- 
tion, through their enterprising agent, 
John Williams, Esq., for those spacious 
factories that have so much benefited 
the now flourishing and beautiful village 
of Dover. We feel pensive, when we 
think, so large a number of those ven- 
erable worthies have passed to that 
" bourne from whence no traveler re- 
turns ;" have bid adieu to all earthly 
things, and dear friends here below. We 



26 DOVER. 

must pause and reflect ; taking a retro- 
spective view, we know those who are 
among the living will not be spared long ; 
and, as Mr. Bacon says, " taking life 
as it is, wha would live always ?" 

This is a large and extensive corpora- 
tion, with Messrs. Moses Paul, George 
Matherson, and Benjamin Barnes, Esq, 
financier. 

Captain Paul is a gentleman of strict 
integrity, kind and benevolent feelings, 
ready to help those who try to help 
themselves. " A man who feareth the 
Lord is known when he sitteth among 
elders." 

Mr. Matherson is a gentleman who 
has an air of facetiousness, on meeting 
him. Is without a parallel in his pro- 
fession ; — the art of bleaching and print- 
ing. The ten millions of yards of cotton 
cloth made annually in those four spa- 
cious factories, are turned into the 



DOVER. 27 

bleaching and printing factories, under 
the supervision of George Matherson, 
Esq., which are said to surpass any 
prints in the United States. 

Of the four hundred and fifty male 
members engaged in the respectable and 
honorable manufacturing business in Do- 
ver, there were many worthy gentlemen 
whom I numbered among my friends, 
but had not the pleasure of meeting 
when visiting D. in '53. 

And those worthy females who were 
engaged in their pleasant occupation, 
numbering from seven hundred and fif- 
ty to twelve hundred, when we resided 
in D., gave great assistance to our sev- 
eral societies. 

We met ladies there ready to do their 
duty, and help carry forward those enter- 
prises that were extending their influence 
over the continent. 



28 DOVER. 

Our kind rememberance is due to Miss 
Yj. Dana, sister to the Rev. C. Dame. 

Commencement of puhlic house-keeping. 

INIay 1816, opened the Dover hotel, 
then known as the Gage tavern ; kept it 
three years ; removed to Medford, Mass., 
as will be seen in another chapter. 

By the solicitation of gentlemen, we 
returned to Dover, May 1822. Com- 
menced the second time in the same 
hotel, with large additions and improve- 
ments. It was at the time those facto- 
ries were commenced, that now cover 
that large space of ground at the Coche- 
cho Falls. It was then those noble 
minded Bostonians invested a large capi- 
tal, that has annually been on the in- 
crease, and has invariably added to the 
wealth, prosperity, and popularity of 
Dover. 



DOYEU, 29 

While in that hotel, we were patron- 
ised by the first people in the Union. 
The proprietors of the manufacturing 
company, with their families, were on 
the daily list of arrivals, with many oth- 
ers of like distinction. 

President Monroe and suite made us a 
formal visit, which amused our good 
citizens for the time being. 

In 1825 the great and beloved person- 
age, General Lafayette, visited us, which 
brought a large concourse of people to- 
gether, with cheerful countenances and 
overflowing hearts ; each one emulous 
to be the first to present him the friendly 
hand, and bid him a hearty welcome. 
By a special invitation of the Hon. AYm. 
Hale, he spent the night at his place, 
which gave place to other guests from 
abroad. On his departure from our vil- 
lage, hundreds assembled, and tears of 
sympathy were shed by many. 



30 DOVER. 

Some time afterward, the Ex-President, 
John Quincy Adams, passed through, in 
a private capacity, accompanied by the 
great statesman, the Hon. Mr. Davis, 
who stopped with us for the night. 
Their visit brought in a large number of 
our good people, who w^ere much pleased 
with the interview. The memory of 
John Quincy Adams ought to be em- 
balmed in the hearts of all. A good 
man lives in the Tomb. 

We had a pleasant interview with Mr. 
Adams while there. Eeferred to Lafay- 
ette's tour ; w^c remarked, " I suppose 
we shall not have the pleasure again." 
Mr. A. replied, with an emphasis, " I 
hope not." 

While keeping the Dover hotel, we 
built the N. H. hotel, one of the most 
convenient and pleasant houses in the 
state. 

In 1835, seeing and experiencing the 



DOVER. 31 

great evils of intemperance, we fully de- 
cided to make tlie N. H. hotel a strict 
temperance house ; the first temperance 
hotel, it will be safe to say, that was 
established in New England. Some of 
our customers stood by us, but a larger 
proportion turned away. 

There were great temperance efforts 
made in Dover ; the gentlemen and ladies 
came up to the work with one mind. 
The best of temperance lecturers were 
procured from all parts of the Union. 
Enlightened, able, and intelligent gentle- 
men, were listened to with breathless 
silence ; persuasive arguments were used, 
moral and legal. 

Counselors at Law half a century ago. 

T. K. Atkinson, Charles Woodman, 
Oliver Crosby, D. M. Durell, Moses 
Hodgdon. 

Judge Atkinson was a gentlemanly 



32 DOVER, 

man; inherited a large property by entail- 
ment ; lived in high life ; was very much 
caressed. Madam Atkinson was a cour- 
teous woman, and had the appearance of 
being educated a court-lady. She sur- 
vived her husband a number of years. 

Henry Mellen, Esq., was an affable 
gentleman, much beloved and respected ; 
was cut down in the midst of life and 
usefulness. 

Charles Woodman was a young attor- 
ney ; he commenced life with flattering 
prospects. He married the second 
daughter of Judge Wheeler, a beautiful 
young lady. He lived to see an infant 
child ; when on his death bed, he ex- 
pressed much solicitude for the mother 
and son. 

Judge Durell was a gentlemanly man, 
accumulated a handsome property, which 
he left equal to his heirs, who are of 
much promise. 



DOVER. 33 

Moses Hodgclon, Esq., was a worthy 
man ; for many years lie was afflicted with 
a complaint which terminated his life. 

Oliver Crosby, Esq., had the reputa- 
tion of being an honest lawyer. He left 
Dover many years since, and located in 
the state of Maine. 

Inn-keepers half a century ago. 

Jonathan Gage, Amos Cogswell, Tho- 
mas Footman, Capt. J. Riley, Nathaniel 
W. Ela, Col. Fisher. 

"Gage's Inn" is a part of the Dover 
hotel ; Col. Cogswell's on the site of the 
New Hampshire ; Capt. Riley's opposite 
the residence of Mr. A. C. Smith; Mr. 
Footman, jail keeper, on the site of Mr. 
Niles' beautiful residence; Col. Fisher's 
at Garrison Hill ; Mr. Ela's on Dover 
landing, is each one of the ancient land- 
marks. Those gentlemen were highly 
respectable inn-keepers. 



34 DOVER. 

Mechanics in Dover. 

We come now to speak of the honored 
mechanics. Marble Osborn, on Pleasant 
street, a firm Friend in principle, was one 
of the pillars in that ancient society. 

Ezekiel Hayes, a gentlemanly man ; few 
families lived in such nice style as did 
the family of Mr. Hayes. 

Stephen Sawyer, a judicious, sober, 
discreet man, a Friend in principle, and 
exemplified it in life. 

Col. Sise was a native of Ireland, an 
artist in business, his health failed him, 
and he repaired to the business of in- 
structing, surveying, navigation, «S:c. 
Mr. Sise was an aifable gentleman, al- 
ways had a pleasant word for all. 

Ezra Kimball was a native of Dover ; 
a tanner by trade, kept a large number 
of apprentices ; was an exemplary, wor- 
thy man. He married a daughter of the 
Rev. Mr. Stacy, of Lebanon, Me. 



DOVER. 35 

Mrs. Kimball was a pattern of piety, 
an eminent Christian ; she survived her 
husband for many years. 

Friend Brown, at Garrison Hill, was 
among the early settlers, was a Friend by 
profession, was a pattern of humility, an 
exemplary Christian, and has worthy de- 
scendants residing in Philadelphia. 

Samuel Esthes was distinguished in 
his profession; a worthy man; imbibed 
the sentiments of the Friends. 

Mrs. Esthes was a whole hearted wo- 
man ; the poor and needy always found 
relief at her door. 

Friend Purrmgton was among the 
number of that worthy class of men, a 
hatter by trade ; located at Garrison 

Hm. 

George Pendexter was an enterprising 
gentleman, did a large business, with the 
best of apprentices, for many years. 

Mrs. Pendexter is a lady of superior 



36 DOVER. 

qualities, a line manager, large percep- 
tions, hospitable and kind to all. They 
have four sons abroad, enterprising wor- 
thy young gentlemen, who have a care 
for their aged parents, and have placed 
them in circumstances above want. IMr. 
P. has been providentially deprived of 
the use of his limbs for many years. 

Abraham Folsom, Esq., one of the 
most generous and enterprising citizens 
of Dover, has a very extensive establish- 
ment located on Hamilton street, for 
manufacturing oil cloth carpeting. At 
this establishment he manufactures daily 
about 1000 yards, embracing the most 
beautiful patterns made in this country ; 
in the manufacture of these goods, ho 
necessarily uses an immense quantity of 
stock, and gives constant employment to 
about forty men. ^Ir. Folsom deserves 
great credit for the enterprise and ability 
displayed by him in the production of 



DOVEK. 37 

these elegant goods, which are executed 
ill a style that will keep them high in 
the estimation of a generous public, and 
we are happy to know they are univer- 
sally sought for by the " trade," in all the 
large cities. Some of this beautiful car- 
peting having been on exhibition at the 
late state fair in New Hampshire, the 
committee, as a testimonial of their appre- 
ciation for the neatness and originality in 
design, of these substantial fabrics, justly 
awarded him a diploma ; and, we think, 
it can in truth be said of that establish- 
ment, it is an enterprise second to none 
in New England. 

High School in Dover. 

District No. 2, has a splendid edifice, 
erected at a great expense, where they 
have had an admirable school in success- 
ful operation for about three years. The 
house itself is a model one, possessing 



38 DOVER. 

great advantages in its construction and 
location; being located on the north- 
easterly side of the river, bounding on 
First street, with a beautiful grove in the 
rear, and a fine play-ground in front. In 
its construction, it possesses every com- 
fort and convenience that can possibly be 
desired ; the arrangements for heating 
and ventilation being very nearly perfect, 
and in fine, we think the inhabitants of 
school district No. 2, in Dover, have just 
cause to be proud of that beautiful edi- 
fice. 

Messrs. Wadleigh, Gibbs, and Burr, 
are printers and proprietors of the sev- 
eral printing ofiS^ces in Dover, N. 11. 

George Wadleigh, Esq., the publisher 
of the Dover Enquirer, is a straight for- 
ward, upright man, unwavering in his 
political whig principles. 

John T. Gibbs, Esq., proprietor and 
publisher of the Dover Gazette, is demo- 



DOVER. 39 

cratic in principle ; maintains his cause 
with much zeal. The Gazette has a 
large circulation. We are indebted • to 
Mr. Gibbs for past favors through his 
press ; he is a benevolent, gentlemanly 
man. 

The Morning Star, published by Wm. 
Burr, Esq., is the organ of the Free-will 
Baptists, and can justly be said to be one 
of the best religious papers. Mr. Burr 
is an affable gentleman, much respect- 
ed at home and abroad. 



40 WAKEFIELD. 

CHAPTER IV. 

WAKEFIELD, N. H. 

Wakefield is the most southerly town 
of Carroll county, and is bounded on the 
east by the state of Maine. It abounds in 
waterfalls, which are used chiefly for the 
manufacture of lumber. The Great 
Falls and Conway Railroad, is laid out 
through almost the entire length of the 
town, and is now in process of comple- 
tion to the line dividmg it from Milton. 
In consequence of this road, this will be 
again, as in days of old, the great thor- 
oughfare to the White Mountains. 

The writer regrets that she has not the 
original records of the first settlers; as 
undoubtedly, it would be interesting to 
some of her readers, to have copious ex- 
tracts from them. 



WAKEFIELD. 41 

As far as the author's memory serves, 
David Copp, Esq., Col. Jonathan Palmer, 
Esq., Mr. Hall, father of the present 
Halls, and Mr. Dow, father of the nu- 
merous family of Dows, were among the 
first inhabitants of this town. Their de- 
scendants have been renowned for their 
enterprise in business and literary pur- 
suits. 

The Rev. Mr. Piper, was the first min- 
ister in Wakefield, of whom the author 
has any knowledge. His ministry ex- 
tended through many years, during 
which he was much beloved, and his 
death was deeply lamented by his pa- 
rishoners, when he went to his reward. 
He has a son still living, an officer in the 
Orthodox church, who bears the reputa- 
tion of a pious and worthy man. 

The Pev. Mr. Barker, the present min- 
ister, is a sound preacher, a good scholar, 
and a worthy example to his flock. 

4* 



42 AVAKKFIELU. 

AVhile on a visit to this place, the writer 
had an intendew with him, when he Avas 
soliciting aid from a family of distinction, 
for the purpose of repairing his church. 
This house may be said to be one of the 
old landmarks of New England. It is 
one of those venerable old churches, with 
square pews, door in one side, and pulpit 
in the other, mounted as high towards 
heaven, to which the pastor points the 
way, as it well can be ; and as a witty 
divine said, " Looks as though the devil 
had some hand in raising the pulpit so 
high, that he might kill the minister the 
sooner." 

As people and minister seemed to bo 
well agreed, we presume he soon raised a 
subscription sufficient to make the neces- 
sary repairs. 

The present postmaster of this town, 
is Mr. Chesley, a worthy and excellent 
man. 



WAKEFIELD. 43 

Mr. Paul keeps an inn here, whom we 
found at the door of his house, ready, in 
a polite and gentlemanly manner, to wel- 
come us to his hospitality. It is pleasant 
and cheering to find a home when a trav- 
eler is weary, hungry and thirsty. 

Five miles from the Upper Village, in 
Wakefield, is the Union Village. It is a 
pleasant spot, with a fine sheet of water. 
At some distant day, it is presumed, it will 
become a large manufacturing place. 
Probably the railroad will be in com- 
pletion there by the coming autumn. 

Joshua G. Hall, Esq., has a fine hotel ; 
an excellent home for those who wish to 
retire from the noise and bustle of the 
world ; where many a weary traveler has 
been refreshed and made comfortable and 
happy. 

Mr. John Treadeck has a store of fine 
goods in this village. His stock being 
so constantly replenished, any one can 



44 WAKEFIELD. 

be satisfied here that could be in large 
cities. 

Messrs. Hayes and Nute, are exten- 
sively engaged in the manufacturing of 
shoes, which, to them, is a lucrative busi- 
ness. We are much gratified at their 
success, and that of their young journey- 
men. 



BRADFORD. 45 



CHAPTER V. 



BRADFORD. 



From the Semi-Centenial Catalogue of 
the officers and students of Bradford 
Academy, 1853, we learn that the period 
of fifty years which has just elapsed, 
since the opening of the institution, 
embraces pupils of three generations, and 
from nearly all the states in the Union. 
In 1804, the institution was incorporated 
under the name of " the Bradford Acad- 
emy." Three years afterwards, in the 
summer of 1807, the writer was there, 
having heard the fame of the academy, 
even in the morning of its commence- 
ment. I was very desii'ous of pursuing 
farther for learning, to jDrepare myself 
better for usefulness in life. Previous to 
this, in the winter of 1805, I entered 



46 BRADFORD. 

Gilmanton academy, under the instruc- 
tion of a Mr. Sheldon, quite a popular 
teacher ; I remained there till I exhaust- 
ed my funds. With good courage I com- 
menced teaching again. As soon as it 
was rumored that I had just returned 
from G. academy, I had many applica- 
tions. I instructed the youth two quar- 
ters, and I began to sigh for further 
knowledge. I then counted my shillings 
and pence, to see if I could set my face 
toward B. academy. I felt somewhat 
doubtful of my means. I made my in- 
tentions known to a young lady of my 
acquaintance, who kindly loaned me a 
five dollar bill. In the summer of 1807, 
I left Dover in the mail stage, for Brad- 
ford; as that was the only stage that 
passed through, or came to the place, at 
that tune ; the mail route Avas through 
Portland, Dover, and Portsmouth. I 
slept in P. one night; the second day 



BRADFORD. 47 

arrived at KimbaH's inn, in Bradford, 
where I received marked attention by 
Mrs. K. She soon dii-ected me to a fine 
boarding-honse, where I was made very 
happy. After making some prelimina- 
ries, I soon entered the academy. Isaac 
Morrell, A. M., preceptor, Miss Eliza 
Allen, preceptress, daughter of the Rev. 
Jona. Allen, who was elected president 
of the institution in 1803, were present. 

At the time the writer was an inmate 
of the seminary, besides the higher in- 
struction in English branches, considera- 
ble attention was bestowed in the depart- 
ment on painting and embroidery; a 
nice work sketch on satin, by means of a 
needle-work, then much in vogue. Pro- 
ficiency in this art was at that time 
esteemed an essential part of a young 
lady's education. Many beautiful speci- 
mens of such pieces of embroidery are 
still preserved, which were wrought 



•is BRADFORD. 

under the teachings of one of the first 
preceptresses. The writer retains hers, 
as a choice memento, and specimens 
wrought at Bradford academy, in 1807, 
a period of forty-six years. 

In 1823 we sent our daughter, Eliza 
Wyatt, to the much beloved seminary. — 
In 1825, our niece, Sophia Western 
Jones, and daughter, Charlotte Lyman 
AVyatt, and the latter in 1832. — Precep- 
tor, the distinguished and philosophic 
Mr. Greenleaf ; preceptress, the far famed 
and very learned Miss A. C. Hazleton. 
Much remains to be said of those emi- 
nent teachers, but I must leave it for 
abler writers. 



SCHOOL TEACHING. 49 



C HATTER VI. 

SCHOOL TEACHIN G. 

Commenced teaclimg school at the early 
age of thirteen, as has been stated. I 
continued teaching and attending, seven 
or eight years. I then married Jonathan 
Hayes, son of Aaron Hayes, a highly re- 
spectable farmer, whose wife was a 
granddaughter of the Rev. Jonathan 
Gushing. Mrs. Hayes was a lady of 
great strength of mind, and eminent 
piety ; a constant reader of the Script- 
ures, and of a remarkable memory. We 
commenced house-keeping in the upper 
rooms of a store opposite the residence of 
Michael Read, Esq., on Dover landing. 
Mr. Read was a merchant of high stand- 
ing ; dealt largely in the lumber trade, as 
did a few other gentlemen of distinction; 



50 SCHOOL T£ACH1>^G. 

these monopolized the entire business, 
as the inhabitants were few and trade 
small, at that period. Mr. Read was a 
man of sound principles, upright in his 
dealings, a grave, sober man, and a con- 
stant attendant at church. Mrs. Read 
was a lady of rare qualities. I shall 
speak from experience of complex house- 
keeping early in the morning of life ; 
and an unforeseen event which followed. 
We soon had the misfortune of indispo- 
sition, and dislocated, or broken limbs in 
the family. ]\Irs. Read was truly my 
" neighbor ;" she acted the part of the 
good Samaritan ; 'always ready to pour in 
the oil and wine of consolation, and to 
bind up the wounds of the afflicted ; her 
vmtiring efforts failed not. ^Nlr. Read 
accumulated a large property, left to his 
descendants, a worthy family. The ^lan- 
sion House is one of the ancient laud- 
marks of Dover. It is kept in good 



SCHOOL TEACHING. 51 

repair by the only son now living. The 
repairs have made no material change in 
the exterior. 

My husband being desirous of doing 
more than his small ordinary business 
would allow, applied to his father to 
assist him in obtaining some goods to 
trade on, his father becoming surety to 
the Havens, of Portsmouth, for a parcel 
of goods. He commenced trading, but 
soon found his expectations were not 
realized in store-keeping. — Grew discour- 
aged, and decided against all the entreat- 
ies of his friend, to take a quantity of the 
English goods, and go out to the West 
Indies, hoping to dispose of them in a 
more lucrative manner. He soon made 
all preliminaries with captain Thomas 
Boardman, who was bound to St. Domin- 
go, to sail with him. 



62 SCHOOL TEACHING. 

A son of Levi Dearborn, Esq., of lloch- 
cster, and Mr. Daniel Tripe, of Dover, 
left their homes for a destiny they knew 
not of 

Capt. Boardman returned, giving an 
unsatisfactory account of the men and 
ship. His report was, he was absent 
from the ship, Avhen the insurrection of 
the blacks took place, and knew not 
what become of them. There was no 
information received afterwards, notwith- 
standing his parents and friends looked 
forward with great solicitude for many 
years, hoping he might be returned. I 
was then left on my own resources, with 
one son, who his grandparents took. 
His grandfather, in his last will, made 
him equal to his other heirs, deducting 
the amount lie had given to his father. 

From the long experience in teachmg, 
from twenty-eight to thirty years, the 
writer presumes it would not be unsafe 



SCHOOL TEACHING. 53 

to suppose she has instructed more youth 
than any other lady in N. H. And it is 
an honest confession for me to say, that I 
never instructed a child I did not love. 
It gives me pleasure to know, that many 
of those then dear youth, are now filling 
some of the most conspicuous situations 
in life, of almost every profession. Some 
years since, an attorney at law, now a 
member of Congress, brought me a num- 
ber of certificates I gave him as a reward 
of merit, while teaching a protracted 
school in D. of one year. It must have 
been upwards of forty-five years; they 
were pleasant mementos. The school- 
house was finished in 1810, on the same 
site the brick school-house now stands 
upon, in School street, on Dover landing. 
My schools, in Dover, were public, or 
district schools, with a few exceptions. 
They had not the great advantages for 
schools forty or fifty years ago, they have 



54 SCHOOL TEACHING. 

now. On tlic last 'quarter of tliis long 
school, much ambition and excitement 
was created, to see who would excel at 
the examination and exhibition that were 
to come off at the close of the school. 
The books were taken home, theu* 
studies reviewed, pieces and dialogues 
carefully spoken at home and at school. 
The young ladies' uniform was to be 
white, with pink sashes. The lads' were 
to be blue sashes. All preliminaries 
were made, parents, friends and all, were 
invited. 



SACO, BIDDEFORD. 55 

CHAPTER VII. 

SACO, BIDDEFORD. — THE HAYES FAMILY, &C. 

In the autumn of 1853, we crossed the 
line of the granite state, into the himber 
state. We made a stop at the Saco 
House, which was commodious and ele- 
gant ; kept by Henry 0. Cram, Esq., a 
courteous and gentlemanly landlord. 
The attendants at this house, to strangers, 
were an intelligent young son of Mr. Cram, 
and a young man who was well versed in 
the business, who had a supervision over 
the affairs of the house ; and they made 
strangers feel pleasantly and at home while 
there. Taking the far famed Saco beach 
into consideration, it must be a desirable 
retreat for visitors, in the summer season. 
Called on the eminent Dea. J. M. Hayes; 
this gentleman has probably exerted a 



56 SACO, BIDDEFORD. 

better moral and religious influence on 
minds, than almost any other individual. 
He is ever ready to visit the sick and 
sorrowful, and impart consolation and 
sympathy to the troubled mind. Dea. 
H. is a paragon of piety, a native of Do- 
ver, N". H., where his honored parents 
resided till their death. 

Mr. Herculaus Hayes, a younger 
brother, was a mercantile gentleman in 
Boston, for many years. Later in life he 
removed to New York city, where he ac- 
cumulated a fortune, which he had the 
pleasure of distributing to his relatives 
by a will, in his last sickness, agreeable 
to his own mind. ]SIr. Hayes was an 
upright man, honest in all his dealings ; 
liad an amiable disposition, lived beloved, 
and died lamented by all who knew hmi. 

We passed a bridge that unites Saco 
and Biddcford ; could but stop a moment 
to view tlio stupendous waterfall. We 



SACO, BIDDEFORD. 57 

soon found ourselves in the thriving, 
pleasant manufacturing toAvn of Biclde- 
ford ; when on inquiry we were directed 
to the spacious and beautiful house kept 
by T. K. Lane, Esq. We were intro- 
duced to the dining hall, where we met 
first class gentlemen and ladies ; polite, 
kind, and attentive tenders. 

As my excursion was of a business 
nature, I called on Augustine Hanes, 
Esq., the first among equals. I found 
him the same affable gentleman he was 
in 1847, when we met him in company 
with the president of the United States, 
and suite. 

Mr. Hanes at the head, would be an 
honor to any corporation in the U. S. 
He kindly and politely gave me the 
names of some of the first personages in 
Biddeford. 

I looked into the ancient town of Ber- 
wick late in November, '53. I found S. 



58 SACO, BIDDEFORD. 

Hale, Esq., at his place of business, one 
of our former friends and patrons, in a 
beautiful large counting-room, spacious 
and neat. My attention was di*awn to 
an adjoining room, "vvhere there were cul- 
tivated some of the most fragrant, large 
and beautiful trees, and flowers. In 
imagination we glanced at "Melrose," 
that Scott so beautifully describes. Mr. 
Hale is a courteous and hospitable gen- 
tleman ; a true characteristic of the Hale 
family. He directed me to some of the 
principal people in the place. 

After passing the "new and splendid 
academy, which would do any town 
honor, I came to the residence of Madam 
Hayes, widow of the late Judge Hayes, 
where I was received by Mrs. H., and a 
pleasant daughter, with the ceremonials 
of politeness and good manners. In the 
keeping-room hung a splendid portrait of 
the late Judge, which I looked on with 



SACO, BIDDEFORD. 59 

sympathy. It took me back to past days 
when we w^ere accustomed to see and 
entertain him with many other gentlemen 
of like distinction, who are all gone 
where "no traveler can return." 

I was then introduced into an elegant 
parlor, where there were a great variety 
of superb paintings ; one among many, I 
think, will not escape my memory ; it 
was a beautiful young daughter of the 
family, who had deceased; an exquisite 
painting. 

I mquired for our former friend, the 
Rev. Mr. Allen. Mr. Allen is a good 
man, a sound preacher, a conciliatory and 
wise pastor. 

My thanks are due to Mrs. Burleigh, 
and her kind family, widow of the late 
Hon. member of Congress, from Maine. 

I looked in upon a few other kind 
friends ; it being quite a rainy day, I 
took my leave, with the intention of 
calling a second time. 



GO ROCKPORT. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

ROCKPORT. 

RocKPORT is situated on the eastern part 
of Cape Ann. It contains three islands, 
Straitsmouth, Thatchers and Milk. 
Straitsmouth has one light, Thatcher's 
two, and Milk none. The town has two 
or three thousand inhabitants. 

From an obituary notice, it appears 
that Mr. John Pool, from Taunton, Eng- 
land, was among the' first settlers here, 
in 1699. A number of his worthy de- 
scendants are now lining. Rockport was 
then a part of Gloucester. This town is 
said by strangers to be one of the most 
delightful spots in New England. The 
enterprising gentlemen of the village 
have erected a beautiful duck factory, of 
stone. Tlie neatness and superior mate- 



ROCKPORT. 61 

rial of the article, suqiass almost any 
other ; and the writer once heard an able 
solicitor of Medford, Mass., remark, " It 
requires three things to make any place 
respectable and popular abroad : a good 
minister, a good physician, and a good 
public house." Rockport has more than 
these in the. cases first mentioned. It 
has four good meeting-houses with excel- 
lent ministers in them ; among whom the 
Kev. Mr. Gale, is a very thorough and 
excellent preacher, and one who would 
be an ornament to any town or city. It 
has four scientific and skillful physicians, 
namely : Gott, Abbot, Manning, and 
Haskell. But as to the last named arti- 
cle, no way-worn traveler can " thank 
God, and take courage " at its sight ; for 
it is not to be seen. There is not a rest- 
ing place for such an one in the town. 
The writer was there in August, '53, and 

met a genlteman walking the street, with 
f 



62 ROCKPORT. 

his valise in hand, saymg he was waiting 
for the stage, for he could find no resting 
place in town, for the stranger. 

A little over two miles from. Eockport, 
is a delightful place, called Pigeon Cove, 
where the great sublime sea is extend- 
ed far out of sight, and the mind seems 
lost as in a labyrmth. Following it, you 
will soon arrive at Mr. William Nor- 
wood's hospitable house, where thou- 
sands have been made comfortable and 
happy, through the kindness of Mr. and 
Mrs. N's hospitality. Pass on a few rods, 
and you will find Mrs. Babson's, with 
their elegant boarding-houses, not sur- 
passed by any in the city. 

The inhabitants of Eockport, will, no 
doubt, soon see the necessity of good 
accommodations for strangers, and then 
we may expect to see good public houses, 
a town hall, «S:c. 

'I'lie construction of a railroad ironi 



ROCKPORT. 63 

Gloucester to this place, is iii contem- 
plation, and it is hoped that in a short 
time, the public will have the advantage 
and pleasure of riding in beautiful cars, 
much to the promotion of their health 
and comfort, from one of these places to 
the other. 



64 GILMA^'TO^^ 



CHAPTER IX. 

GIL M ANTON. 

After closing a school in Milton, I 
counted the cost, to see if I had means 
enough to enter Gilmanton academy; as 
I felt the importance of pursuing studies, 
and better preparmg myself as a teacher. 
I made my intention known to a beloved 
family, which were relatives and friends. 
It was soon decided their only daughter 
should accompany me. She was a young 
lady of superior talents. Many years 
afterwards, I heard an able minister say 
she could write a sermon as well as he 
could. In the winter of 1805, accom- 
panied by the lady and her worthy 
brother, in an open sleigh, in a severe 
cold day, we set our faces toward the 
desu'cd seminary. Long icy hills we 



GILM ANTON. 



65 



soon had to encounter, almost unsur- 
mountable, with our weight of baggage. 
We traveled slowly on, and arrived mid- 
way of the well known and highly re- 
spectable town of Barrington, at early 
candle-light, where we found some kind 
friends, that cheerfully received us, and 
made us comfortable and happy. Some 
years afterward, that good lady with her 
kind family, removed out to the far w^est. 
Not many fleeting years had passed away, 
before we heard of the death of her hus- 
. band by a sad accident. And later we 
are informed her sons have been very 
successful; became wealthy, and with 
much pleasure rock the cradle of the 
declining years of their beloved mother. 

The second day at two o'clock we 
arrived at Mr. French's hotel, in Gilman- 
ton, where the noble edifice appeared in 
sight. We partook of an excellent din- 
ner, after which our kind host directed 



0* 



G6 GILMANTON. 

US to an excellent boarding-house, kept 
by Mrs. Peasly, a pleasant lady, and 
agreeable companion. Mr. Sheldon, A. 
M., preceptor, was a gentleman of 
handsome talents, much beloved and re- 
spected by his pupils ; he afterwards 
located in the state of Maine, and filled 
some honorable station. 

While the noble institution, over which 
he then in my early school days presided, 
has never yet ceased with untiring efforts 
for the cause of education. Thousands 
now scattered over the great round earth, 
no doubt have their thoughts and recol- 
lections centred back on Gilmanton acad- 
emy, and the pleasant terms there spent. 
For more than half a century, has this 
academy exerted its potent influence for 
good ; and while its daughters have led 
and nobly distinguished the highest 
duties of life, its sons have stood in the 
front ranks with the men of their time. 
Useful artizans at the shop, and learned 



GILMANTON. 67 

judges upon the bench ; noble agricultur- 
ists upon a thousand hills, and the 
enterprising business men of hundreds of 
towns and villages ; honored teachers at 
their desk, and eloquent divines in their 
pulpits ; members of state legislatures, 
and of Congress, and occupants of chairs 
gubernatorial ; for there all of those 
could be found, a multitude who would 
be ready to make the welkin ring with a 
shout in honor of old Gilmanton acad- 
emy, whei'e they spent some of the hap- 
piest days of their life. Thus thousands 
of all ages and conditions have in com- 
mon a fond recollection. 

But old Gilmanton academy, we must 
leave thee, yet shall thy loved days and 
school-mates, and the ringing of thy glad- 
some bell, be remembered ; and, be assur- 
ed, thy sons and daughters shall not be 
forgotten. Long mayest thou remain 
the noble companion of Phillips' Exeter 
academy, and other similar institutions. 



bb ALTON. 

CHAPTER X. 

A L T N , N . H . 

Alton is twenty-two miles from Concord, 
and thii'ty-five from Dover; is bounded 
north by Winncpiseogee lake and bay, 
nortli-east by "Wolfeborough, cast by New 
Dui'ham Gore. It was settled in 1770. 
It was incorporated January 15th, 1796, 
and was named by one of its proprietors, 
Alton, after a market town, in South- 
hamptonshire, England, In November, 
1853, the writer had the pleasure of 
visiting Alton, On arrival at the rail- 
road station, at Alton corner, cast your 
eye at the right, and you will see the 
mansion house of Joseph Mooney, Esq., 
overlooking the entire village. Esq. 
Mooney is a native of A,, advanced in 
years, and highly respected. He receives 



ALTON. 69 

his friends with much complacency, and 
tenders his house as their home. He 
has several brothers who are worthy men, 
who are the descendants of the late Ma- 
jor Joseph Mooney. 

On stepping out of the cars, you enter 
the pleasant village of Alton Corner ; 
there you will see the Cochecho house, 
handsomely located, with a pleasant 
entrance, kept by G. D. Savage, Esq. 
Mr. Savage is a gentlemanly landlord, — 
has good accommodations for his guests. 

^Ye noticed near the public house, a 
beautiful residence, owned by J. W. 
French, Esq., who is one of the wealthy 
men in the j)lace, and with others of his 
associates, has done much for the im- 
provement of the pleasant village. Many 
thanks are due to the gentlemen and 
ladies of Alton Corner. With the kind- 
est feelings I hasten away, and pass on 
a romantic walk of one mile, where a 



70 ALTON. 

splendid sheet of water, called Alton bay, 
opens to view; and is the celebrated 
place where the Lady of the Lake is 
constantly arri\-ing and departing. 

The next attraction at Alton bay, is 
tlie commodions and beautiful public 
house, kept by J. S. Thompson, Esq. 
The hospitality and kindness of ]Mr. 
Thompson, will insure him the patron- 
age of all visitors, and the public gener- 
aUy. 

Alton, N. H. has five meeting-houses, 
•svith their several respective ministers ; 
three physicians, one lawyer, three hotels, 
two railroad stations, seven saw-mills, 
two grist-mills, one sash factory, five 
shingle and clapboard mills, five shoe 
manufactories, five post-offices, viz: Al- 
ton, J. P. Boody, r. M. ; Alton Bay, 
William L. Emerson, P. M. ; West Al- 
ton, W. C. G. Emerson, P. M. ; South 
Alton, T.. J. Taug, P. M. ; East Alton, 



ALTON. 71 

A. T. Gilman, P. M. About 250,000 
pairs of shoes are manufactured annually. 
Amount of goods sold annually by the 
several traders, is estimated as follows : 



French & Savage, 


^20,000. 


J. Jones & Co., 


12,000. 


D. Barker, 


5,000. 


C. P. Emerson, 


4,000. 


W. C. G. Emerson, 


6,000. 


A. T. Gilman, 


3,000. 



$50,000. 



72 rAK.MI>.GTON. 



CHAPTER XI. 

FARMINGTON. 

Parmington, N. H., was formerly a part 
of Rochester ; was incorporated as a dis- 
tinct town, December 1st, 1798, The 
Hon. Aaron Wingate settled in Farming- 
ton when it was almost a wilderness. 
He was a gentleman of distinguished 
ability, a sober, grave, judicious man; 
for many years a member of the legisla- 
ture ; a counselor from 1797 to 1803; 
and for a succession of years, chief justice 
of the ccmimon pleas in Stafford county ; 
died in 1822, aged seventy-eight. Judge 
Wingate left a worthy family. ^ladam 
"VVingate survived her husband a number 
of years. J. Wingate, Esq., only survi- 
ving son, is a gentleman of eminence. 
Caleb Varney, a member of the society 



FARMINGTON. 73 

of friends, was one of those firm young 
men who made his way in that lofty 
forest in Farmington ; cleared up the 
land, and commenced his agricultural 
pursuits ; accumulated wealth, which is 
now inherited by his son "William, the 
only surviving heir ; who strictly adheres 
to the principles early taught him. The 
family is proverbial for their alms-givmg 
at the present day. 

We visited Farmington in 1853 ; the 
place was materially changed. We called 
at the residence of J. AVingate, Esq., 
whose hospitality and kindness will long 
be remembered ; where we met the aged 
Mrs. Titcomb, a former friend. Madam 
T. was the mother of Mr. Wingate's 
wife, who had deceased, and a lady of 
eminent piety. We had the pleasure of 
meeting the family of George Titcomb, 
Esq., who were inmates of the same resi- 
dence. Mr. Titcomb is a courteous gen- 



74 FARMINGTON. 

tleman, and Mrs. T. an accomplished 
lady ; none could visit them but to ad- 
mire and love them. We called on the 
principal gentlemen and ladies, were re- 
ceived kindly and politely. 

The residence of J. Barker has a com- 
manding appearance ; our thanks are 
due to ]Mr. and Mrs. B., and to G. X. 
Eastman, Esq. We happily met our 
friend, ^Nlrs. C. Hanson ; Mrs. Hanson is 
a strong minded lady; in 1842 was an 
efficient secretary of the Martha Wash- 
ington Society, Dover, N. H. We return 
our warmest thanks to Mr. and Mrs. 
Hanson and other kind members of their 
family, for the hospitality and kindness 
received while stoppmg at their pleasant 
boarding-house. 

Farmington has a good meeting-house, 
with a fine sounding bell ; a commodious 
school-house, that would be an honor to 
any village ; a number of English goods 



FARMINGTON. /O 

and grocery stores ; has two able physi- 
cians. Dr. D. T. Parker, is a talented man, 
has had a long and successful practice ; 
Dr. Whitehouse is a gentlemanly man, 
and is fast gaining popularity and prac- 
tice. 

Two able counselors at law, Hon. N. 
Eastman, and son. 

And is proverbial for its large and ex- 
tensive shoe business, for which I had an 
abundant evidence from the noble and 
generous operators in the business. 



76 ^riLTON. 



CHAPTER XII. 

MILTON. 

Milton is bounded north-west by Mid- 
dleton and Wakefield, east by Salmon 
Falls river, separating it from Maine ; 
south-west by Farmington. The Salmon 
Falls river washes its whole east boun- 
dary, a distance of thirteen miles ; and a 
branch of the same river crosses from the 
south part of Wakefield, and unites near 
the centre of the east boundary. Tcne- 
riffe, a bold and rocky mountain, extends 
along the eastern part of Milton, near 
which lies the three ponds, connecting 
with the Salmon Falls river. This town 
was formerly a part of Eochester, where 
Messrs. Joseph Plumcr, Bard Plumor, 
William Palmer, Benjamin Scates, and 
their associates, went boldly into the 



MILTON. 77 

forest and commenced cutting down the 
sturdy oaks, in a pleasant place now 
called Miltonridge, which was detached 
from Rochester, and incorporated, June 
11th, 1802. Those worthy gentlemen, 
with industry and application, soon made 
noble farms, early became wealthy and 
independent. J. Plumer erected a public 
house, which was known for three score 
years and upwards, as Plumer's tavern ; 
one of the best mns ever builf and kept 
in New England, in those early days. 
The Hon. B. Plumer was a statesman, 
he was chosen senator in district No. 5, 
Strafford county, in New Hampshire 
legislature, for several years. 

William Palmer, Esq., was a useful 
man, his mind was well stored with 
useful knowledge, and was competent to 
decide any arbitrations that might occur ; 
he was highly respected. ' Dea. B. Scates 
lived beloved by all, a worthy exemplary 



78 MILTON. 

Christian. Those early settlers have left 
highly respectable descendants. 

A number of years since, the writer 
providentially called at the mansion house 
of the late senator Plumer, which was 
owned and occupied by one of his sons, 
who was laboring in the last stages of 
consumption ; had his family of children 
gathered around, with the good minister 
of the parish. Rev. Mr. AValker, for their 
baptism. I heard him a short time after- 
ward remark, " If my father and my un- 
cle Joseph, and Esq. Palmer, had been 
religious men, what a good influence 
they would have exerted over this town." 

The writer can look back with grati- 
ti;de to tlic early patronage she received 
in Rochester, now Miltonridge. At the 
age of sixteen years I taught a school in 
the P. District; boarded in the families 
of the three first settlers, where kindness 
and friendship were the leading traits of 



MILTON. 79 

character. My following terms of teach- 
ing were at the three ponds, in the dis- 
trict of Timothy Roberts, Esq., Ensign 
"William Jones, and John Fish, Esq., and 
other officiating gentlemen of the place. 
It well might be pronounced a good 
school ; the attention of the scholars 
was given to their studies, and each one 
was emulous to excel. At the close of 
the term, relatives, friends and neigh- 
bors, were invited to hear the recitations, 
and see and hear the dialogues spoken, 
which was rather a new thing half a 
century ago, so far up in the woods. The 
writer has fallen in with individuals in 
later years, that referred to that school. 
There are many descendants of those 
Milton gentlemen who fill eminent places 
in public life, who were of much enter- 
prise; left their homes at an early day, to 
seek friends and wealth in other places. 
The writer had an opportunity of visit- 



80 MILTON. 

ing Milton in January, 1854, where an 
entire change had taken place. Many of 
those who made their homes so pleasant, 
were no more ; they return not. But 
we were soon drawn from tears of sym- 
pathy, to be introduced to other scenes. 
Cheerful, lively, animated faces, had 
taken the places of those that were not ; 
all appeared desu'ous of doing good. To 
effect their object, they assembled at the 
residence of theu* pastor, the Rev. Mr. 
Dolt, taking with them a quantity of 
useful articles, such as any family would 
find necessary, as well as a surplus of 
that which we say answers all purposes ; 
and also a luxuriant feast of good things, 
served up in fine style. Rev. Mr. Dolt is 
a man of examplary piety, and unsullied 
integrity, is much beloved by his people. 

But to return to Milton, named in 
honor of our English Homer. 

The town has increased in population 



MILTON. 



81 



and business ; and its water power and 
railroad aid the enterprise of the in- 
habitants. It has three houses for public 
worship, two ministers, Rev. James Dolt, 
Congregational, Rev. L. H. Gordon, 
Methodist. There are four practicing 
physicians: Dr. S. Drew, early settled 
at the three ponds, and for thirty years 
and upwards, had the entire practice of 
tlie town. His long and successful prac- 
tice has endeared him to the people. Dr. 
D. E. Palmer, is a gentleman of much 
promise, and is fast gaining friends and 
practice. Dr. Buck is eminent in his 
profession, and a physician of high re- 
spectability. Dr. Swindleton is useful in 
his profession, and popular. The shoe 
business of late has become very import- 
ant. It has one bakery; Charles Swea- 
sey, Esq., proprietor. Mr. Sweasey has 
long been known as a gentleman of 
exemplary piety. The manufactory of 



82 MILTON, 

woolen fabrics is carried on at the west- 
erly village, under the super"\dsion of Mr. 
Townsend, proprietor. It has a good 
town house, with stores, mills, and public 
houses, in due proportion. 

"We noticed at South INIilton, a beauti- 
ful and substantial family tomb, built by 
the antiquarian, Theodore C. Lyman, 
Esq. A Boston gentleman remarked, 
" It would do Mount Auburn credit." 

But dropping a tear over the graves of 
those we early loved, we hasten from 
Milton away. 



GREAT FALLS. 83 



CHAPTER XIII. 

GREAT FA LLS . 

Great Falls villnge, Somersworth, N. 
H. Thirty-two years since, (a. d. 1822,) 
a solitary farm house stood, as it had 
long stood, on the Avesterly, or New 
Hampshire bank of the Salmon Falls 
river. The sturdy husbandman owner, 
was the Robinson Crusoe-like monarch 
of all he surveyed on his side of the 
river ; while upon the easterly or Maine 
bank, there lived, and thank God still 
lives, an old Revolutionary pensioner, 
whose head has now been bleached by 
the frosts of four-score and fifteen win- 
ters, and who has voted at every presi- 
dential election from Washington's to 
Taylor's, inclusive. Between these farm 
houses lay a road with a rude bridge 



84 GREAT FALLS. 

crossing the river, if both road and 
brido-e were not too rude to merit so 
honorable a name. Here had these two 
respectable farmers cultivated their many 
acres for many years. Near to the one 
upon the Maine bank, had lived " old 
Master Sullivan," the Irish pedagogue, 
and fatlier of the noble family of that 
name, about which Revolutionary and 
gubernatorial honors clustered. Yes, 
here in the wilderness, for then it was 
little better, " ere the time that tried 
men's souls," had this poor immigrant 
school teacher and former, reared those 
noble young men, John and James Sulli- 
van, both of whom were to " shine at the 
bar, and adorn the bench ;" both of 
whom were to be members of Congress ; 
both governors of patriotic Massachusetts 
and New Hampshu'C ; and John the 
Revolutionary general and fast friend of 
the immortal Washington. 



GREAT FALLS. 85 

And we ever seem to be carried back 
to the stormy but glorious days of '76, 
whenever the old pensioner tells us, as he 
often does, anecdotes of his old school- 
master, the father of general Sullivan, as 
he delights to call him. In the immedi- 
ate vicinity is still to be seen, the tomb- 
stone of the " old master " and his wife, 
the aggregate amount of whose ages is 
little if any short of two hundred years ; 
while close at hand is a burial ground 
now being rapidly filled up, in which lie 
buried a number of Africa's dark sons 
and daughters, who were the slaves of 
my Revolutionary pensioner father, and 
whose remains now moulder close by 
their master's. The dust of both min- 
gles beneath a common sod ; mother 
earth unconsciously embosoms both, 
while their spirits have fled to their 
Father, God, in whose presence it mat- 
ters not what color an Indian or an 

8 



86 GREAT FALLS. 

African sun may liave burned upon tlic 
pilgrim. 

The river for a number of miles above 
the bridge, is a dull respectable stream, 
moving with the slow dignity of a frothy 
alderman ; but at this pomt it dashes 
heedlessly down over precipitous rocks, 
and on by dark frowning cliffs upon the 
one side, and gentle rising slopes upon the 
other ; and lilce the once virtuous man 
when he breaks loose from moral restraints, 
down it plunges in its mad career. Yet 
onward and downward it goes to a 
still lower level. Here the neighbors 
had " kidnapped " the reckless stream, 
and doomed it to grind their corn, and 
saw their lumber. Some two or three 
miles easterh', a worthy divine by the 
name of flilliard, preached to a congre- 
gational church ; while a few miles south- 
westerly was the old Somersworth meet- 
ing-house, where the Kcv. Mr. Pike, 



GREAT FALLS. 87 

father of the author of that huge mass of 
unexplained wisdom, Pike's Arithmetic, 
had preached to his congregation, and 
entertained the celebrated "Whitefield, 
within the memory of the above-men- 
tioned old pensioner. The house in 
w^liich Pike had preached, had long since 
been burned to the ground by lightning ; 
and its bell, one of the first church bells 
in Strafford county, melted. How solemn 
to think that of the many, many thou- 
sands, w^ho hung with rapture upon the 
eloquence of Whitefield, or w^ere melted 
into contrition by his powerful appeals 
in favor of Christianity and a " new life," 
how very few now living remember his 
visits to America. Yes, my ancient 
friend, small indeed among the living, 
is the number of thy early cotemporaries, 
who were the associates of the fathers of 
revolutionary heroes, and who can re- 
member Whitefield' s visits to the Ameri- 



88 GREAT FALLS. 

can colonies. I well remember seeing 
you at the monumental celebration on 
Bunker Hill, and as you sat close by 
New England's great orator, heard him 
exclaim, in amount, to you and your 
associates of 76 : " Wonderful men! you 
have come down to us from another gen- 
eration ; you arc the link that binds us 
to the past ; the veneration and prayers 
of the country rest upon your heads ; 
nearly in the language of the farewell of 
your beloved and immortal chief, we 
would pray that your latter da) s may be 
as happy as your former ones were hon- 
orable and glorious." 

But to the place, for aught we know 
since the time when the " sons of heaven 
exultingly shouted o'er the rising ball," 
and " the morning stars sang together for 
joy," had the river dashed down these 
precipitous rocks, with but little beneftt 
to man. True, the dingy sons of the 



GREAT FALLS, 89 

forest had here caught the salmon, as - 
he ascended the river, hence its name. 
Equally true was it that the river was 
now made to turn a wheel for the old- 
fashioned saw-mill and grist-mill, of pio- 
neer civilization. And who that has ever 
seen these rude structiu-es, can forget 
them. Born of the ax and saw, with 
their huge " mud sills," " fender posts," 
and " meal beans," respectively they were 
powerful aids to struggling civilization. 
Their erection was an era to the region 
about them. The raising day w^as long 
remembered ; I cannot stop to sketch it. 
Let it suffice to say, that the saw-mill 
was built on shares, and that here " each 
man had his day," while at the grist-mill, 
" first come, first serve," was scrupulously 
taught to the poor man, who carried his 
grain for long miles upon his weary back, 
as well as to the more aristocratic lads 
and buxom lasses, who came to mill 



90 GREAT FALLS. 

upon horseback. Plere the games of 
Morris and chequers, fox and geese, peck 
and bushel, served to while away the 
time durmg which the sluggish mill was 
masticating food for man. And all these 
games at this particular mill had been 
well presided over by the sovereign of 
the mealy hat, whether that emblem was 
worn by the descendants of Japliat or of 
Ham ; for although here had been no 
"war of the roses," yet different d}Tiasties 
had reigned. But, see ! a mighty power 
approaches, commanding cdoud, get out 
of the way old mills. 

" Sambo, hang up the fiddle and the bow, 
Take down the shovel and hoe." 

Friend AVendel buys mills, privileges, 
and adjoining lands. The Granite state, 
destined, said Franklin to be a manu- 
facturing state, grants a charter 1823. 
That mighty and almost deified power 



GREAT FALLS. 91 

wliicli binds distant cities and sister 
states together by iron bands ; stretches 
the metalic thread of electric thought 
over empires ; makes mountains (if not 
ghosts) " down at its bidding ;" whitens 
old ocean with the canvass of commerce ; 
ploughs it with herculean steamships ; 
studs it with her navies " black and 
bold ; showers the profusions of each 
clime upon every other ; sends civiliza- 
tion and Christianity to the h( athen na- 
tions ; grinds toiling millions under its 
heartless despotism ; this god — this 
devil — I need not say his name is Money 
Power — approached these Great Falls in 
the Salmon Falls river. Old things are 
at once done away ; life, labor and ener- 
gy make busy the place. The old saw- 
mill disappears, and a noble factory 
shows its broad proportions ; multitudes 
of the young and strong, the vigorous 
and enterprising of both sexes, come 



9 '2 GKEAT FALLS. 

rushing in from all directions like winds 
towards the conflagration, for here labor 
is to be performed, and money procured. 
Roads are laid out, bridges built, streets 
opened, while dwelling-houses, school- 
houses and churches, large boarding- 
houses and factories, stores, &c., spring 
up with the rapidity of Jonah's gourd. 
Cottons and superfine broadcloth are sent 
in vast quantities from the place; till in 
A. D. 1832, it was the largest manufac- 
tory of broadcloth in the United States. 
Now the manufactory of broadcloth is 
given up, and the company with a capi- 
tal of §1,500,000, (one and a half mU- 
ions,) devotes its energies to the manu- 
facturing of cottons. Six huge mills, 
with seventy-five thousand spindles, and 
nineteen hundred looms, are tended by 
two thousand enterprising and intelligent 
ladies and gentlemen, (three-fourths of 
whom are ladies,) and who to feed these 



GREAT FALLS. 93 

monsters, and keep tliem. busy, annually 
lay the south under contribution for ten 
thousand bales of cotton ; the sperm, 
whales for nine thousand gallons of their 
oil ; the forests of Maine and New 
Hampshire for five thousand cords of 
wood ; Pennsylvania for three hundred 
tons of anthracite coal ; and the rest of 
creation for vast quantities of such 
knick-nacks as leather and iron, steel 
and soap, lumber, &c. &c. While the 
mills repay for this immense consumption 
of articles, and more than regal attend- 
ance by yearly producing seventeen mil- 
lions yards of cloth, which in a contin- 
uous web would exceed in length the 
American continent ; would reach from 
the mills to the Cape of Good Hope, and 
leave a big remnant to spare ; or would 
give a yard to every man, woman and 
child, of our population in A. D. 1840. 
And at the same time disburses through 



94 GREAT FALLS. 

the hands of our friend, T. B. Moses, 
Esq., more than forty thousand dollars 
per annum, mostly to the operatives. 
Recently a bleachery has been erected, 
capable of bleaching three tons of goods 
per day. 

Look now over that lonesome territory, 
occupied by the farm in 1832, and you 
behold a beautiful tillage of four thou- 
sand inhabitants, compact but crowded, 
the good houses stretching along the 
well looking streets, many of which are 
lined with shade and ornamental trees ; 
Avhile the well-filled stores upon either 
hand, remind you that trade and thrift 
have here found a happy home. Four 
church steeples point with taper spire to 
heaven, (if one be not steepleless.) and 
five congregations with a weekly aggre- 
gate of some two thousand worshipers, 
listen to the teachings of the sanctuary. 
That the churches are prosperous, might 



GREAT FALLS. 95 

be inferred from the facts (if it needed to 
be proved that churches are always pros- 
perous in well regulated and moral com- 
munities) that the Free-will Baptist 
within a few years, have been compelled 
to build a larger house of worship, and 
are highly prosperous, with Elder Steer, 
for pastor. The Methodist with E.ev. 
Mr. Smith for minister, have sent a free 
church to the Town Hall, under Eev. 
Mr. Holman, and yet have a well-filled 
house. The Calvinistic Baptist with 
Rev. Mr. Hooper, are in a prosperous 
condition ; and the Congregationalist, 
whom the Rev. J. T. McCollom has just 
left, after a settlement of nine or ten 
years, have been very prosperous, so 
much so, that galleries have had to be 
built in the house, to accommodate at- 
tendants. The loss of Mr. McCollom is 
deeply lamented by the church, and re- 
gretted by the village at large. As a 



96 CKKAT FALLS. 

citizen, sound divine, and speaker, he is 
equalled by few. 

High on " Holmes' Hill," overlooking 
the village, stands a free academy, called 
the high school ; erected at an expense 
of fifteen thousand dollars ; it is, to say 
the least, an ornament to the village, and 
an honor to its generous tax paying 
builders, and a blessing to the rising gen- 
eration. "We found the school well spo- 
ken of, and under the charge of our 
friend Hills. Indeed, the village seems 
to be noted for its good schools, and for 
■v^•hich tlie teachers are paid three thou- 
sand dollars per annum. They have had 
a course of Lyceum lectures each winter 
for quite a number of years. A library 
of twenty-five hundred or three thousand 
volumes, is accessible to all, upon terms 
the most easy. Thus by means of lectures 
and library, churches and schools, have 
the people nobly provided themselves and 



GREAT FALLS.' 97 

the rising generation, with the means 
of moral and. intellectual improvement. 
Some fifteen years since, that mighty 
adjunct of civilization — and of progress 
the very type — the steam-engine, blew 
his shrill whistle, and came rattling into 
the village, with a long train of cars. 
Halting here a few years, he is now at 
Milton, on his journey to the White 
Mountains, expecting soon to wake up 
the good denizens of Wakefield, and 
scare the deer from his ancient retreat 
around Mount Washington. 

Enter the village at night, and you 
behold the streets, stores, and dwelling- 
houses, beautifully illuminated with gas. 
All these indications of thrift and indus- 
try, morality and enterprise, considered 
in connection with the fact that the man- 
ufacturing company have yet a large 
amount of unused water power, go clear- 
ly to foreshow that this place has not yet 



98 Cr.EAT FALLS. 

arrived to its manhood growth. Space 
notifies us that we miist put a period to 
this chapter. Of the business men we 
must let the present and future prosperi- 
ty of the village speak, while the manu- 
facturing company with their agent, J. A. 
Burleigh, have done much for the place, 
and are expected to do much more. 

Of its seven able lawyers, five eloquent 
divines, and eleven skillful physicians, 
among all of whom we number personal 
friends, we must omit to speak in partic- 
ular. To intricate questions of law, 
deplorable instances of sinful rebellion 
against eternal goodness, and to cases of 
complicated disease, Ave leave them re- 
spectively, feeling assured that from 
thence they will wring tlu^ir merited ap- 
plause. To the enterprising men and 
worthy wives, the promising sons and 
fair daughters of this happy place, we 
would most affectionately say adieu. 



GREAT FALLS. 09 

We are entirely indebted to John D. 
Lyman, Esq., for the historical and bio- 
graphical sketches of that beautiful village, 
Great Falls, Somersworth. Mr. Lyman 
is a gentleman of handsome talents, and 
may safely be said to excel in the profes- 
sion of his eaily choice — a teacher of the 
youth. 

Esq. Burley is an attorney at law, of 
hish standinoj. Is an honor to the cor- 
poration over which he has the agency, 
which may be said to be one of the first 
in New England. 

T. B. Moses, Esq., financier of the 
department, is a courteous gentleman, to 
whom we are much indebted for statis- 
tics, and other favors. 



100 MEDFORD. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

IMEDFORD, MASS. 

By the solicitation of friends, in 1819, 
we opened the beautiful house called the 
Medford Hotel, owned by ]\Ir. Blanchard. 
At the commencement, our prospects 
were very flattering ; Init the mysteries of 
Providence are dark and unforeseen. We 
were soon overtaken with a great sick- 
ness through the family. For the first 
time in my life, I learned the long lesson, 
acquiescence. " Lord, not as I will, but 
as Thou wilt." In constant attendance 
we had that grave divine, the Eev. Dr. 
Osgood ; his fervent prayers, the memory 
of which is embalmed in the heart. 

In kind remembrance of those beloved 
people in INIedford, though many of them 
have passed away to return no more. 



MEDFORD. 101 

their great attention, hospitality and 
kindness, during that protracted sick- 
ness, will ever be held in grateful re- 
membrance by the writer. 

Gov. Brooks, that worthy good man, 
was one of our constant visitors, and 
benefactors, in attendance with our be- 
loved, able, and successful Dr. Swan. 

The untiring attention of Mr. Blanch- 
ard's kind family, will ever be remem- 
bered and appreciated. 



o» 



102 CHELSEA, 



CHAPTER XV 



CHELS EA. 



Chelsea may be said to be one of the 
most pleasant places in the vicinity of 
Boston. The steamboats and omnibuses 
arc constantly plying between the places. 
It has a large number of churches or 
meeting-houses, some of which for beauty 
and elegance, surpass many in large 
cities. 

The several societies are united in each 
other ; have theii* own social gatherings, 
where harmony and kind feelings prevail. 
We had the pleasure a short time, of 
worshiping in the Broadway church, 
under the administration of the Bev. ]\Ir. 
Copp. Mr. Copp is a sound preacher, 
and an able divine. He is highly es- 
teemed, and much beloved by his people. 



CHELSEA. 103 

Chelsea is fast increasing in popula- 
tion and wealth. It has many worthy 
and enterprising gentlemen, who early 
commenced business there, and have been 
aiding its progress, and no doubt will 
ere long realize what they have been 
looking forward to, a populous city. 



104 BOSTON. 



CHAPTER XYI. 

BOSTON. 

This metropolis of New England, is a 
fine city ; and, in many respects, the first 
and best in this western world. It was 
called by the aborigines of the conntry, 
Shawmut, and selected by our fathers as 
a site for a town, on account of its sweet 
springs. 

Its beautiful Common, is unsurpassed 
as a Park, by any thing of the kind in 
America. Other cities may have more 
squares and parks, or breathing places 
than Boston possesses, but we venture 
the assertion, that there is no one park 
in any of them, which excels this com- 
mon. It is large, diversified with hill 
and dale ; "well supplied with ornamental 
and shade trees, including the *' great 



BOSTON. 105 

elm," said, on good authority to be more 
than three hundred years old, and more 
vigorous now than it Avas one hundred 
years ago. In this large park, we have 
a beautiful pond, and a fountain jet is in 
brilHant action a portion of every day. 
We have heard but one opinion express- 
ed by all strangers who visit Boston, 
respecting the beauty, variety, and utility 
of the common. May it ever be kept, as 
at present, open on the west, to the pure 
air of the country. 

At the head of the common stands the 
State House, an elegant and splendid 
building, with its majestic dome lifted 
high above all surrounding objects, and 
seen by the surrounding countrymen, and 
the sailor entering the port, for many 
miles distant. 

The Atheneeum, a fine building, a few 
rods from the common, on Beacon street, 
comprises one of the oldest, most respec- 



106 BOSTON. 

table, and well selected libraries of the 
country. It is a Boston institution, and 
of great benefit to her citizens. 

The Eooms of the Historical Society, 
are on Tremont street, a short distance 
north from the common, and contain a 
respectable and well selected class of 
ancient and venerable books. This soci- 
ety would have been of far greater bene- 
fit, had not the number of its members 
been limited by its charter to only sixty. 

The Boston Library, a new institution, 
to which Mr. Bates, of London, gave 
fifty thousand dollars, is located in Ma- 
son street, but a few steps from the com- 
mon. This institution promises to be of 
great benefit to the city. The collection 
of books is very valuable, and the citi- 
zens are allowed to take them home to 
read. 

The Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion, and the Young Men's Christian 



BOSTON. 107 

Union, are among the essential associa- 
tions of Boston for doing good. The 
former occupy fine rooms in the Tre- 
mont Temple, and the latter in Bedford 
street. 

The churches in Boston are noble edi- 
fices, and the clergy have ever been re- 
nowned for talent and piety. Among 
the old meeting-houses, which survived 
the war of the revolution, and which are 
still standing, and apparently none the 
w^orse for wear, may be enumerated the 
Old South, Brattle Street, and the Stone 
Chapel. Each of these is worth seeing, 
and should be visited by all the inhabit- 
ants of the city, and by strangers. It 
would not be in good taste to make a 
comparison between either the houses of 
worship, or the clergy of different denom- 
inations. Let it suffice to say, they are 
all highly respectable, and not surpassed 
as a whole by those of any city in the 
Union. 



108 BOSTON. 

Boston now covers twice the territory 
that was land in the first settlement of 
the town. This land has been rescued 
from the water by the hand of man. 
Since the railroads have been built, 
whole hills of gravel have been trans- 
ported to Boston to make land, upon 
which spacious dwellings and warehouses 
have been erected. 

South Boston, (also a part of the city,) 
contains six hundred acres, and is laid 
out in streets and squares. In this tract, 
are the " Dorchester Hights," celebrated 
in the history of the revolution, rearing 
their majestic heads one hundred and 
thirty feet above the level of the sea, 
from which may be had a magnificent 
view of Boston harbor, and of the sur- 
rounding country. The situation of this 
part of the city is picturesque and beau- 
tiful. 

East Boston, (also u part oi" tlie city.) 



BOSTON. 109 

is on "what was formerly known as Nod- 
dle's Island. The island contains six 
hundred and sixty acres of arable land, 
and a large body of flats. This island, 
in 1630 was owned by Samuel Maverick, 
and at the same time, Boston proper, 
which then contained only seven hundred 
acres, was owned by John Blackstone. 
East Boston is now a flourishing part of 
the city. The Cunard steamers stop 
here, and manufacturing and ship-build- 
ing are extensively carried on in this part 
of the city. Boston is badly laid out, 
but when it is considered that the 
amount of land was but small, and the 
inhabitants depended chiefly upon their 
farms and gardens for subsistence, it is 
wonderful that they laid out the streets 
as well as they did. 

We have spoken of "• the common ;" 
but little space was originally aflbrded 
for public squares and pleasure-grounds, 

10 



110 BU.STON. 

But ill the new portions of the city, more 
space has been left, and upon the neck 
tlierc are reserved a numb^er of open 
squares, such as Franklin, Blackstone, 
Chester, &c. These, and the wide and 
straight streets, render the south part of 
the city very pleasant and desirable for a 
residence. 

The. Old State House is still standing, 
at the head of State street, and is, at 
present, occupied for stores and offices. 
Though it is a fine specimen of the archi- 
tecture of by-gone days, its removal 
"would greatly promote the beauty and 
convenience of State street. 

Faneuil Hall, the old " Cradle of Lib- 
erty," is one of the first buildings which 
the stranger inquires for. This was the 
forum of Revolutionary eloquence. The 
land upon which it stands, was the gift 
of Peter Faneuil ; and the portrait of the 
giver which hangs in the hall, is all that 



BOSTON. Ill 

remains of him, for he lived and died a 
bachelor. The hall is one hundred feet 
long by eighty broad, and three stories 
high. Here are the busts of those men 
whose eloquence made a monarch three 
thousand miles distant, tremble on his 
throne, among whom were Hancock, and 
Samuel and John Adams. 

Faneuil Hall Market, one of the lar- 
gest and most costly buildmgs in the city, 
is directly east of the old hall. It is five 
hundred and thirty-five feet in length, 
and fifty in breadth. It is substantially 
built of Quincy granite, and will last as 
long as the pyramids. The edifice cost 
^150,000 exclusive of the land. The 
upper hall is called Quincy hall, in 
honor of Josiah Quincy, during whose 
mayoralty it was built. Faneuil Hall 
Market is one of the best furnished mar- 
kets in the world. 

There are several other markets in the 



112 BOSTON. 

city, such as tlie Boylston, Williams, 
Blackstonc, &c. 

The City Hall, where the fathers trans- 
act the business for the public welfare, 
stands on an open plot of ground, be- 
tween Court square and School street. 
The length of the buildmg is one hun- 
dred and forty feet. It is built of granite, 
and consists of an octagon centre, with 
wings on the east and west. 

The Court House, in Court square, be- 
tween the city hall and Court street, 
accommodates all the courts of the city, 
county, '^state, and United States, for this 
district. It is a noble edifice, of hewn 
granite, one hundred and seventy-five feet 
long, fifty-four feet wide, and fifty-seven 
feet high. It is altogether too fine a 
building to be stuck do^^^l in such an 
unsightly place. 

The INIercliants' Exchange, is on the 
south side of State street, and a magnifi- 



BOSTON. 113 

cent edifice. It is built of Qiiiiicy gran- 
ite ; its front on State street, is seventy- 
six feet ; its height, seventy feet ; and its 
depth, two hundred and fifty feet. It 
covers thirteen thousand feet of land, and 
cost §175,000, exclusive of the site. The 
central hall, for the merchants' exchange 
and reading-room, is very spacious and 
splendid. There is a hotel in the build- 
ing, and the front and basement are occu- 
pied for other offices and the post office. 

The 'Custom House is a magnificent 
edifice. It was twelve years in being 
built, and cost §1,076,000. It is situated 
between Long "wharf, and Central wharf. 
Its form is that of a Greek cross, sur- 
mounted with a dome. This dome, with 
the entire roof, is of granite tile. The 
length of the building is one hundred 
and forty feet ; its width seventy-five feet^ 
The exterior is purely Grecian Doric, but 
it is not an exact copy of any ancient 



114 BOSTON. 

model. It was designed and executed by 
the plans of Mr. A. B. Young, a Boston 
architect. 

The new City Prison, near Cambridge 
bridge, makes an imposing appearance ; 
its centre being octagonal, with four 
mngs radiating from it. It is built of 
Quincy granite, and is surmounted by a 
beautiful clock ; and altogether presents 
so fine an aspect, and such comfortable 
looking quarters, that any good citizen 
would be almost willing to go to prison 
for the sake of living in it. 

The Tremont Temple is one of the 
finest edifices in the city, and contains 
the most spacious and convenient hall 
for large assemblies that Boston afibrds. 

The Boston Museum, on Tremont 
street, with its brilliant balls of fire, 
makes an imposing appearance. 

The Massachusetts Horticultural Hall 
in School street, is beautiful and nent, 



BOSTON. 115 

and when filled with fruit, as it is on 
exhibition days, presents a very inviting 
aspect. 

The hotels in Boston are unsurpassed 
by any thing of the kind in the country. 
At the head of them stands the Revere, 
situated in Bowdoin square. It was 
named after one of the most distinguish- 
ed mechanics of the city. This, and the 
Tremont House, near the common, are 
;iow both kept by the same gentleman. 
Col. Stevens, who perfectly understands 
his business, and who is not surpassed in 
gentlemanly and courteous demeanor, by 
any landlord. The Brattle, Pearl Street, 
Albion, "Winthrop, Qumcy, Bromfield, 
Fountain, and Adams, are all kept well, 
and the traveler or stranger may find a 
home in any of them. 

As to the last named, we may say a 
word, as we have a personal acquaint- 
ance with both Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. 



116 BOSTON. 

Jenks, the very gentlemanly, kind, .ind 
excellent caterer for the Adams. 

We must speak more particularly of 
one of the Boston hotels, than of any of 
the others, because of our personal inter- 
est in it. In December, 1838, Ave opened 
the Marlboro' hotel. It Tvas a season 
that the legislature was about assem- 
bling, and we were filled immediately ; 
had from twenty-six to thirty, the first 
gentlemen in the house and senate. Had 
constant applications, more than we 
could meet. I would here mention one 
incident. The first dinner we placed on 
the table, all liquor was dispensed with ; 
some told us we should not have any 
company ; others thought it might not 
be expected, as it had been the custom. 
Their arguments did not avail much. 
I have often thought it was an experi- 
ment in those flif?hionable days of drink- 
ing, to make so bold a push. We could 



BOSTON. 117 

not see that it had any effect on the com- 
pany. 

The owner of the Marlboro' had agreed 
with us after the expiration of one year, 
that it was leased to a gentleman, that he 
would make additions and alterations, 
and we were to take the house from five 
to ten years, and gave a bond to that 
amount. In the summer of 1835, Mr. 
Townsend died, and our lease expired in 
the autumn. The Misses T., sisters of 
the late Alexander Townsend, Esq., are 
ladies of high respectability, who reside 
in the antiquated house of their parents, 
which house is one of the ancient land- 
marks of the city. Those ladies, through 
their gentlemanly agent, Mr. Minot, were 
very desirous that Ave should agree to 
purchase the Marlboro', when the proper- 
ty came legally into their hands ; we then 
hesitated some time. Our beautiful house 
in Dover, required our attention there, 
and we gave up the idea of a purchase. 



118 BOSTON. 

I called on an eminent deacon in the 
city, of liigli standing ; asked him if he 
did not think there were a company of 
gentlemen in the city that wonld like to 
make an investment in a religious tempe- 
rance house, that all temperance and 
good people of every denomination might 
find a home in the city of Boston. 

I stated to him the situation of the 
house, that it was under lease for one 
year, then it could be purchased for such 
a price. lie was a grave, sober man, and 
thought well of it. Said he would look 
round and see if he could find some gen- 
tlemen. He soon reported that he had 
seen some persons that would engage in 
the enterpi'ise. Before they reported, 
they called on one of the fifty associates 
to see if the price I named was high or 
low. The gentleman he consulted, told 
him if he did not take it, he would ; by 
that time he concluded he should set a 



BOSTON. 119 

bargain. The reader will please keep in 
mind the principle the house was to be 
sold on. Kept as a first class house, as 
to reputation ; established on religious 
and temperance principles. On those 
conditions the estate could be purchased 
on a reasonable price. The gentlemen 
spent a number of evenings in the house, 
making plans and calculations ; they had 
all the personal assistance they could 
have, whether they appreciated it or not. 
They were introduced to the agent. 

After the property came legally into 
the company's possession, they made as 
spacious a place as could be on a long 
standing fabric. "When completed, Mr. 
Rogers opened the Marlboro' under the 
contract, not knowing where it originated 
from. Mr. Rogers was a gentlemanly 
man, and succeeded a number of years 
with great applause, and left the city prob- 
ably for a more lucrative place. 



120 BOSTON. 

Mr. Parks, the present proprietor, sus- 
tains a fine reputation, and has no way 
declined its temperance principles. The 
writer has had much solicitude for the 
welfare of the Marlboro'. 

Boston has ever been famed for the 
benevolence of her citizens. Her " mer- 
chant princes " have been not rich only, 
but liberal to an extreme. To prove our 
position both of the wealth and com- 
merce of Boston, we will here quote 
what a New Yorker says of us : 

" There is one Avard in Boston which 
is worth more than the whole city of 
Baltimore. Boston stands next to New 
York in wealth and commercial import- 
ance, and to New York only. New York 
being left out of the question, there is no 
other city in the Union which can pre- 
tend for a moment to a commercial 
equality with IJoston. The arrivals and 
clearances at the Custom House will tell 



BOSTON. 121 

the story. These show that Boston is 
not so far behmd New York as one 
would at first miagme. Boston is the 
centre of nearly all the manufacturing 
interests of the New England States, 
which are rapidly approaching those of 
Old England herself in value and import- 
ance. The banking capital of Boston is 
^50,000,000, that of Philadelphia §10,- 
000,000. Here is a bit of difference. In 
wealth and commercial enterprise. New 
i^ork and Boston will always stand at 
the head of the cities of this country." 



11 



122 BIOGRAPHY, 



CHAPTER XYII. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

It lias been remarked by Dr. Johnson, 
that " no species of writing seems more 
worthy of cultivation than biography," 
since none can be more delightful or 
more useful ; none can more certainly 
enchain the heart by irresistible interest, 
or more widely diffuse instruction to 
every diversity of condition. Our great 
moralist might have gone further than 
this in praise of his own favorite theme, 
and added, that to treasure memorials of 
the wase, the learned, and the virtuous, 
is to fulfill an exalted duty to mankind. 
It is gratifying to reflect how much this 
branch of useful knowledge has been 
cultivated, since the commencement of 
the last century. 



BIOGKAPHY. 123 

Matthew Cusliing, of Hingham, the 
great ancestor of the numerous respecta- 
ble families of the Cushings in New Eng- 
land, arrived at Boston, August 10th, 
1638, with his wife Nazareth Pitcher, 
and the following children: Daniel, Jere- 
miah, Matthew, Deborah, and John. He 
died 30th September, 1660, aged 72. 
Lincoln's History of Hingham. 

Thirty of his descendants of the name 
of Gushing, had graduated at Harvard 
College in 1825, of whom eight were 
clergymen, and a large proportion of 
them public characters. Daniel Gushing, 
eldest son of Matthew Gushing, was born 
in England; came to New England, 1638. 
His sons were Jeremiah and Theophilus. 
Jeremiah was minister of the first church 
in Scituate ; Theophilus, in Hingham, 
1635; deceased in March, 1679, at the 
age of one hundred. From Farmer's 
Genealoqical Register of the first settlers. 



124 BIOGRAPHY. 

Pedigree of the Gushing Familg. 

Peter Cusliing came from England to 
Ilingham, Mass. He married Hannah 
Tliaxter; his brother married Deborah 
Brunswick. From Peter descended the 
Rev. Jonathan Gushing. He was the son 
of Peter, and Hannah Thaxter, of Hing- 
ham, Mass. He married his cousin Eliz- 
abeth, daughter of Thomas Gushing, 
Esq., Boston, Mass. He was born De- 
cember 20th, 1689, died March 25th, 
1769. 

Extracts from the New Year's sermon 
of the Pev. H. "Winslow : 

The ministry of Mr. Jonathan Guslimg 
extended from 1717 to 1763, a period of 
fifty-two years. During the last years of 
his life, Mr. Jeremy Belknap was associa- 
ted with him, junior and colleague pastor, 
and records his death as follows : 

March 25th, 1769, the Pev. Jonathan 



BIOGRAPHY. 125 

Cushiiig, pastor of tlie first church, de- 
parted this life in the seventy-ninth year 
of his age, and fifty-second of his minis- 
try ; haying sustained the character of a 
grave and sound preacher, a kind, peace- 
able, prudent, and judicious pastor, a 
wise and faithful friend. His funeral 
was attended on the oOth of March, on 
vfhich occasion Dr. Langdon, of Ports- 
mouth, preached the sermon, from He- 
brews 7 : 23. 

The Rev. Jonathan Cashing was set- 
tled in Dover, N. H., over the first Con- 
gregational church, Sept. 10th, 1717. 
His wife died thirteen years afterward, 
Dec. 3d, 1730, aged thirty-nine years. 
They had five children : Peter, Jonathan, 
Deborah, William, and Elizabeth. 

Peter Cushing, who was the eldest son 

of the Hev. Jonathan Cushing, married 

Mary Buntam; she died July 29th, 1798, 

having survived him eighteen years; aged 
11* 



126 BIOGRAPHY. 

eighty-four. They had six cliildren : 
Thomas, Elizabeth, Hannah, Daniel, 
Mary, and Peter. All deceased. 

The ancient tomb of the Hev. Jona- 
than Gushing, was built by his own 
direction, immediately after the death of 
his wife, in 1730. The antique monu- 
ment is in the first cemetery of Dover, 
N. II., and has been repaired from time 
to time by his descendants. Dea. Peter 
Gushing, great-grand-son of the Rev. sire, 
has a paternal care over it, and with the 
assistance of other descendants of the 
Gushing family, it is to be hoped it will 
long be kept in a state of preservation. 

In 1808, on the day the tomb was 
opened, we took from the remains of 
Madam Gushing's head, a beautiful lock 
of hair, in a perfect state of preservation 
which had been entombed seventy-eight 
years. 



BIOGRAPHY. 127 

D. Appleton. 

Appleton, (Jesse, D. D.,) the second 
president of Bowdoin college, was born 
in New Ipswich, in the state of New 
Hampshire, November 17th, 1772. Pres- 
ident Appleton was graduated at Dart- 
mouth college, in 1794. It was during 
his residence at that seminary, that he 
experienced deep religious impressions ; 
yet of any precise period, when his heart 
was regenerated by the spirit of God, he 
was not accustomed to speak. The only 
safe evidence of piety, he believed, Avas 
the perception of those qualities, which 
the gospel requires. Having spent two 
years in the instruction of youth, at Do- 
ver, and Amherst, he studied theology 
under Dr. Lathrop, of West Springfield. 
In February, 1797, he was ordained as 
the pastor of a church at Hampton, N. 
H. His religious sentiments, at this 
period, were Arminian. Much of his 



128 BIOGRAPHY. 

time, (luring his ten years' residence in 
that town, was devoted to systematic, ear- 
nest study, in consequence of which, his 
sentiments assumed a new form. By his 
faithful, affectionate services, he was very 
much endeared to his people. At his 
suggestion, the Piscataqua Evangelical 
Magazine was published, to which he 
contributed valuable essays, with the 
signature of Leighton. Such was his 
public estimation, that, m 1803, he was 
one of the two principal candidates for 
the professorship of theology at Harvard 
College ; but Dr. Ware was elected. In 
1807, he was chosen president of Bow- 
doin, into which -office he was inducted 
December 23d. After the toils of ten 
years in this station, his health became 
much impaired, in consequence of a 
severe cold, in October, 1817. In May, 
1819, his illness became more alarming, 
his complaints being a cough, hoarseness, 
and debility. A journey proved of no 



BIOGRAPHY. 129 

essential benefit. A profuse hemorrhage, 
in October, extinguished all hope of re- 
covery. As the day of his dissolution ap- 
proached, he remarked, " Of this I am 
sure, that salvation is all of grace. I 
would make no mention of any thing, 
which I have ever thought, or said, or 
done; but only of this, that God so 
loved the world, as to give his only- 
begotten Son, that whosoever believeth 
on him should not perish, but have ever- 
lasting life. The atonement is the only 
ground of hope." In health, he was 
sometimes anxious, in a high degree, in 
regard to the college ; but in sickness, he 
said, in cheerful confidence, " God has 
taken care of the college, and God will 
take care of it." Among his last expres- 
sions, were heard the words, " Glory to 
God in the highest; the whole earth 
shall be filled with his glory." 

He died November 12th, 1819, at the 



130 BIOGRAPHY. 

age of forty-seven, having been president 
nearly twelve years. — Encr/. 

Nathaniel Clap, a Congregational min- 
ister of jSTewport, Hhode Island, was born 
January, 1668, and was graduated at 
Harvard College, in 1690. In 1695 he 
began to preach at Newport, where he 
preached nearly fifty years. In 17-10, 
when Mr. Whitefield arrived at New- 
buryport from Charleston, he called upon 
Mr. Clap, and he speaks of him as the 
most venerable man he ever saw. "He 
looked like a good old puritan, and gave 
me an idea of what stamp those men 
were who first settled New England. 
His countenance w^as very heavenly, and 
he prayed most affectionately for a bless- 
ing on my coming to Khode Island. I 
could not but think that I was sittins: 
with one of the patriarchs." 

Dean Berkly, who esteemed him high- 



BIOGRAPHY. 131 

ly for his good deeds, said, " Before I saw 
father Clap, I thought the bishop of 
Rome had the greatest aspect of any man 
I ever saw ; but really, the minister of 
Newport has the most venerable appear- 
ance." Mr. Clap died October 30th, 
1745, aged seventy-seven. 

Mr. Clap was eminent for sanctity, 
piety, and an ardent desire to promote 
true godliness in others. He abounded 
in acts of charity, being the father and 
guardian of the poor and necessitous, 
and giving away all his living. His be- 
nevolent labors, also extended to the 
humble and numerous class of slaves, to 
whom he endeavored with unwearied care 
to impart the knowledge of the gospel. 
Thus evincing the reality of his religion, 
by the purity and benevolence of his life. 
He was an honor to the cause of the Re- 
deemer, in which he was engaged. He 
departed this life in peace, without those 



132 BIOGRAPHY. 

raptures which some express, but with 
perfect resignation to the will of God, 
and with confidence in Jesus Cluist, who 
Avas the sum of his doctrine, and the end 
of his conversation. 

George Whiteficld was born at Glou- 
cester, on the IGth of December, 1714. 
His father, "saIio was a publican in Glou- 
cester, died when he was very young, 
leaving him under the superintendence 
of a wise and tender mother ; who, con- 
sidering him to be under her peculiar 
guardianship, from the tenderness of his 
age, made him the object of her fondest 
solicitude. From his youth he was en- 
dowed with extraordinary talents. Be- 
tween the age of tAvelve and fifteen, he 
made great progress in the classics. 
Owing to the pecuniary difhcultics of liis 
mother, his education was at this mo- 
ment arrested, and he Avas deprived of 



BIOGRAPHY. 13') 

that instruction which was fitting him 
for future usefulness. 

At the age of seventeen, he received 
the sacrament of the Lord's supper, and 
became a decidedly pious and devout 
Christian. In the following year he was 
sent to Pembroke College, Oxford. Mr. 
Charles "Wesley being at that time a 
student of Christ Church College. Mr. 
AVhitefield there became acquamted with 
him, and under his ministry, he received 
much benefit. Having arrived at the 
age of twenty-one, on Sunday morning, 
the 20th of June, 1736, he was solemnly 
ordained by the bishop of Gloucester. 
On the Sunday following, he preached a 
celebrated sermon on " the necessity and 
benefit of religious society." This ser- 
mon made so strong as impress, that it 
was slanderously reported he had driven 
fifteen of his hearers mad ! 

The following week he left Oloucester 

12 



184 UIOGRAPHY. 

for Oxford, and there took his bachelor's 
degree. A very short time after, he re- 
ceived an invitation to visit London, 
where he continued two months ; having 
taken up his lodgings in the Tower, read- 
ing prayers, catechising, and preaching 
alternately, in the chapel of the Tower, 
Wapping chapel, and at Ludgate prison, 
every Tuesday. At this time he felt anx- 
ious to join Wesley and Ingham, who 
had gone out as missionaries to a new 
colony at Georgia. 

He considered this as a call from 
Providence ; and after having taken leave 
of his friends in Gloucester and Bristol, 
in the year 1737, he left the shores of 
Britian, for the continent of America, 
attended by the blessings and the prayers 
of thousands for his safety and useful- 
ness. After a tedious voyage, he arrived 
at Savannah, on the 7th of May, 178S; 
and after having labored four months at 



BIOGRAPHY. 135 

Georgia, he was obliged to return to 
England, to receive priest's orders, and to 
collect funds to enable him to lay the 
foundation of an orphan school at 
Georgia. 

On the 6th of September, 1738, he 
again embarked on board a vessel bound 
from Charleston to London, where he 
arrived, after a perilous and fatiguing 
voyage. On the 14th of January, he was 
ordained priest, at Oxford, by bishop 
Benson; and was afterward exposed to 
much persecution for preaching the word 
of life ; and was denied the use of those 
pulpits in which he had been in the 
habit of preaching. Mooriields, Ken- 
sington, and Blackheath, were the places 
in which he preached to thousands in 
the open air, with great success, though 
not without opposition. After having 
made collections, which amounted to up- 
wards of a thousand pounds, for the Or- 



136 BIOGRAPHY. 

phan house of Georgia, he sailed the 
second time for America, where he ar- 
rived, after a passage of nine weeks, and 
was immediately invited to preach in the 
churches, which were soon filled with 
immense auditories. When he arrived at 
Savannah, he chose a spot of ground for 
the orphan school ; and on the 25tli of 
March, 1740, laid the first brick, naming 
it Bethesda, that is, a house of mercy. 
That institution afterwards become emi- 
nently useful, and many an orphan's 
prayer was presented to heaven for its 
illustrious founder. 

During his fatiguing journeys from 
town to town, he was much exhausted, 
and sometimes nearly overcome with 
anxiety ; but the success which attended 
his exertions at Georgia, gave him great 
pleasure, and inspired him with zeal and 
hope. Again, however, he sailed for 
England, and arrived on the 14th of 



BIOGRAPHY. 137 

March, at Falmouth. Immediately on 
his arrival in his native country, he 
traveled to London, and preached the 
following Sunday on Kensington com- 
mon, to a large and impressed congrega- 
tion. Having been earnestly solicited to 
visit Scotland, he voyaged from London 
to Leith, where he arrived July 30th 
17-41, and was most cordially received at 
Dunfermline and Edinburg. 

After preaching in many places, and 
collecting five hundred pounds, he left 
Scotland to go through Wales, in his 
way to London. At Abergavenny, in 
Wales, he married Mrs. James, a widow, 
between thirty and forty years of age, to 
whom he w^as much attached. On his 
arrival in London, and resuming "his 
labor of love," he found the weather 
would not permit him to preach in the 
open air in Moorfields. Some dissenters 
therefore procured the loan of a piece of 

12* 



138 BIOGRAPHY. 

ground, and built thereon a large tempo- 
rary shed, which he called a tabernacle ; 
and his congregation became exceedingly 
large. 

In the beginning of August, 1744, Mr. 
AVhitefield though in an infirm state of 
health, embarked again for America, and 
after a tedious passage, arrived at New 
York. At that place he was taken ex- 
ceedingly ill, and his death was appre- 
hended ; but through the providence of 
God, he gradually recovered, and re- 
sumed his arduous and important duties. 
After his illness, he was very much in- 
convenienced with pains in his side ; and 
for whicli and the general recovery of his 
health, he was ad\dscd to go to the Ber- 
mudas. Such advice he adopted, and 
there he landed on the 15th of March, 
1748. At the Bermudas he met with the 
kindest reception, and traversed the 
island from one end to the other, preach- 



BIOGRAPHY. 139 

ing twice every clay, and by that means 
was eminently and extensively useful. 
His congregations were very large ; and 
seeing so many persons ignorant of 
Christianity, he was frequently much 
affected. He there collected upwards of 
one hundred pounds for his orphan's 
school. That sum he transmitted to 
Georgia ; and as he feared a relapse in 
his disorder, if he returned to America, 
he took his passage in a brig, and arrived 
in safety at Deal, and the next evening- 
set off for London, after an absence of 
four years. On the return of Mr. White- 
field, he found his congregation at the 
tabernacle very much scattered, and his 
own pecuniary circumstances declining ; 
having sold all his household furniture 
to pay the orphan house debt. His con- 
gregation now, however, began to contri- 
bute, and his debt was slowly liquida- 
ting. At this time. Lady Huntington 



140 BIOGRAPHY. 

sent for him to preach at her house, o 
several of the nobility who desired to 
hear him ; among whom was the Earl of 
Chesterfield, who expressed himself high- 
ly gratified ; and lord Bolingbroke told 
him he had done great justice to the 
divine attributes in his discourse. 

In September, he visited Scotland a 
third time, and was joyfully received. 
His thoughts were now wholly engaged 
in a plan for making his orphan house, 
which was at first only intended for the 
fatherless, a seminary of literature and 
academical learning. In February, 1749, 
he made an excursion to Exeter and 
Plymouth, where he was received with 
enthusiasm ; and in the same year he 
returned to London, having traveled 
about six hundred miles in the west of 
England ; and in May he went to Ports- 
mouth and Portsea, at which places he 
was eminently useful; many of that time, 



BIOGRAPHY. 141 

by the instrumentality of his preacliing, 
being turned "from darkness to light, 
and from the power of Satan unto God." 
In the month of September he went to 
Northampton and Yorkshire, where he 
preached to congregations of ten thou- 
sand people, who were peaceable and 
attentive ; and only in one or two places 
was he treated with kindness. In 1751, 
Mr. AVhitefield visited Ireland, and was 
gladly received in Dublin. He expressed 
himself much pleased with the size and 
the attention of the congregations assem- 
bled to hear him ; and his labors were as 
usual very useful. From Ireland he pro- 
ceeded to Scotland, where he also met 
with great encouragement to proceed 
with his indefatigable work. On the 
6th of August, he set out from Edinburg 
for London, in order to embark for 
America. Having taken leave of his 
friends at home, he again set sail in the 



142 BIOGRAPHY. 

Antelope, for Georgia ; and on the 27tli 
of October, arrived at Savannah, and 
found the orphan school in a flourishing 
condition. Havmg suffered formerly 
from the climate, he determined not to 
spend the summer in America, but re- 
embarked for London, where he arrived 
in safety, after a tolerable voyage. His 
active mind, ever forming some new plan 
for the extension of the Redeemer's king- 
dom, now turned towards the tabernacle. 
He formed a plan for the erection of a 
new one ; and in the course of the follow- 
ing summer, it was comxDleted. The 
foundation was laid March 1st, 1753, 
and was opened on Sunday, June 10th, 
1754. After preaching in it a few days, 
he again left England for Scotland, em- 
bracing every opportunity of preaching 
on his road, till he arrived at Edinburg ; 
and after traveling twelve hundred miles, 
he returned home on the 25th of Novem- 



BIOGRArHY. 143 

ber, and opened the tabernacle at Bristol, 
after which he returned to London, and 
in September, 1756, opened his new 
chapel in Tottenham Court road. His 
labors were immense ; he preached fifteen 
times a week. Hundreds of people went 
away from the chapel who were not able 
to gain admittance. By his unremitting 
attention to his congregation at the two 
chapels in London, his strength was 
much reduced, and he became debilitated 
and weak. 

In the latter end of the year, finding 
his health improved, he however deter- 
mined on again visiting America. Acord- 
ingly, in the latter end of November, he 
left England and arrived at Boston, in 
safety, the beginning of January ; and on 
writing to his friends in England, ex- 
pressed himself much gratified with the 
evident improvement in the orphan's 
house. After spending the winter pleas- 



144 BIOGRAPHY. 

autly and usefully in America, he once 
more embarked for his native shores; 
and after a passage of twenty-eight days, 
landed in England ; and on the 6th of 
October, 1765, opened the Countess of 
Huntingdon's chapel, at Bath. Shortly 
after his arrival in London, ]Mrs. White- 
field was seized with an inflammatory 
fever, and became its victim on the 9th 
of August. On the 14tli, he delivered 
her funeral sermon, which was distin- 
guished for its pathos, yet manly and 
pious eloquence. 

He now prepared for the seventh and 
last voyage to America. He embarked 
at the beginning of September, and on 
the 30th of November, arrived in safety, 
after a perilous and trying passage. But 
his sphere of activity was now drawing 
rapidly at a close ; his career of useful- 
ness was soon to be concluded ; the sand 
in his hour-glass was fast running 



BIOGRAPHY. 145 

through ; and this venerable and distin- 
guished man was soon destined to enjoy 
the felicities of heaven. His complaint 
which "was the asthma, made rapid 
strides upon his constitution, and though 
it had several times threatened dissolu- 
tion, it was at last sudden and unexpect- 
ed. From the 17th to the 20th of Sep- 
tember this faithful laborer in the vine- 
yard of Christ, preached daily at Boston ; 
and though much indisposed, proceeded 
from thence on the 21st, and continued 
his Work till the 29th, when he delivered 
a discourse at Exeter, N". H., in the open 
air for two hours, notwithstanding which 
he set off for Newburyport, where he 
arrived that evening, intending to preach 
the next morning. His rest was much 
disturbed, and he complained of a great 
oppression of his lungs ; and at five 
o'clock on Sabbath mornmg, the 30th of 
September, 1770, at the age of only fifty- 



146 TUOCillAPHY. 

six he entered into that rest prepared for 
the people of God. According to his 
own desire, Mr. Whitefield was interred 
at Newburyport. On the 2d of October, 
at one o'clock, all the bells in the town 
were tolled one hour, and all the vessels 
in the harbor gave their proper signals 
of mourning. x\t two o'clock the bells 
tolled a second time, and at three they 
repeated their mournful tolling during 
the time of the funeral. 

Mr. Whitefield was not a learned man, 
like his contemporary, Wesley ; but he 
possessed an unusual share of good sense, 
general information, knowledge of the 
Holy Scriptures, and an accurate ac- 
quaintance with the human heart. Few 
ministers have been equally useful since 
the days of the apostles. The sermons 
of Mr. Whitefield were impassioned, and 
were generally adapted to the hearts of 
his congregations. He was benevolent 



BIOGRAPHY. 147 

and kind, forgiving and gentle ; but he 
was zealous and firm, and seldom allowed 
his feelings to overcome his judgment. He 
was eminently useful in liaving excited a 
greater degree of attention to religion ; 
and millions have doubtless blessed his 
name, and tens of thousands revere his 
memory. 

Parker, (Samuel, D. D.,) bishop of the 
Protestant Episcopal church in New 
England, was born at Portsmouth, N. 
H., 1745, and was graduated at Harvard 
College in 1764. He was afterward nine 
years an instructor of youth in Newbury- 
port, and other towns. In 1773, he was 
ordained by the bishop of London ; and 
in 1775, was established as assistant min- 
ister at Trinity church, Boston, of which 
he became the rector, in 1779. During 
the revolutionary war, the other Episco- 
pal clergymem quit the country, but he 



148 BIOGRAPHY. 

remained at his post, and his church was 
saved from dispersion. After the death 
of bishop Bass, he was elected his suc- 
cessor, and was at the head of the Epis- 
copal church but a few months. He 
died suddenly at Boston, December 6th, 
1804, aged fifty-nine. Distinguished for 
his benevolence, he was in a peculiar 
manner a friend to the poor, who in his 
death mourned the loss of a father. 

Phebe, a Christian female of the port 
of Corinth, called Cenchrea ; Romans, 
16: 1, 2. It is thought that in quality 
of deaconess she was employed by the 
church in some ministration suitable to 
her sex and condition ; as to visit and 
instruct the Cluistian women, and attend 
them in their necessities. — Watson. 

Margaret, (queen of Scotland,) a wo- 
man of the rarest piety, and of a charac- 



BIOGRAPHY. 149 

ter fitted to throw a luster on the present 
age. She was granddaughter to Solo- 
mon, king of Hungary. With her broth- 
er, Edgar Athiling, she was wrecked on 
the coast of Scotland ; and was there in 
1066, married to Malcolm, who had just 
recovered the throne of Scotland from the 
usurper, Macbeth. Through her influ- 
ence the ferocious spirit of her husband 
received a happy tincture of humanity ; 
and through his high opinion of her wis- 
dom, she was enabled greatly to reform 
the kingdom, to diminish taxes, purify 
the courts of justice, repress the inso- 
lence of the soldiery, revive the spirit of 
piety, and introduce a more serious re- 
gard to the duties of the Sabbath. She 
made laws to enforce temperance ; the 
poor and unfortunate shared her kindest 
regard; her children she carefully and 
successfully educated on Christian princi- 
ples. Theoderic, a monk of Durham, 

13* 



150 BIOGRAPHY. 

who wrote her life, says, " She would 
discourse mth me concerning the sweet- 
ness of everlasting life, in such a manner 
as to draw tears from my eyes." 

In 1093, while suffering from sickness, 
she heard of the death of her husband, 
who was slain at Alnwick, in Northum- 
berland, in the reign of William Eufus. 
She received the bitter news as a Christ- 
ian. " I thank thee, O Lord," she said, 
"that in sending me so great an afflic- 
tion, thou wouldst purify me from my 
sins. Thou, who by thy death hast 
given life to the world, deliver me from 
evil." This excellent queen survived but 
a few days. — Betham. 

Margaret, of France, duchess of Beri 
and Savoy, daughter of Francis L, was 
born in 1523, and received a superior 
education. She was patroness of the 
sciences and learned men ; and after the 



BIOGRAPHY. 151 

death of her father, gamed a high repu- 
tation by her beauty, jpiety, learning, and 
amiable qualities. She married Philibert, 
duke of Savoy, in 1559, and died 1574, 
aged fifty-one. The most illustrious of 
the literati contended who should praise 
her best, and her subjects called her the 
Mother of her people. — Betham. 

Eussel, (Lady Russel,} was the second 
daughter of the Earl of Southampton, and 
widow of lord Vaughan. In 1667, she 
was united to lord William Eussel, and 
for sixteen years they enjoyed uninter- 
rupted felicity. On his trial, she assisted 
him nobly. Lord Eussel, on being asked 
if he wished for a person to take notes 
for him, replied, " My wife is here to do 
it." While making every human exer- 
tion to obtain a mitigation of the sen- 
tence, while every plan was being tried, 
while nobly offering to accompany into 



152 BIOGRAPHY. 

perpetual exile, liis heroic and lovely 
wife never for one moment requested 
him to swerve from the strictest honor 
and mtegrity. Lord Eussel said, "There 
was a signal providence of God in giving 
such a wife, where there was birth, for- 
tune, great understanding, great religion, 
and a great kmdness to him." She part- 
ed from him at last without sheddmg a 
tear, and retired in silent but expressive 
anguish, to her wretched and dreary 
home. Though after the execution of 
lord Russel, his lady was deeply affected, 
yet her mind never sunk. She survived 
him forty years, but constantly refused to 
enter again into the marriage state. She 
died at the age of eighty-seven. In 1723 
Lady Russel was a woman of deep, 
ardent, and unaffected x^iety, and ex- 
cellent understanding. Her letters have 
been often reprinted. (See Life of Lady 
Kussel.) 



BIOGRAPHY. 153 

Monica, the mother of the celebrated 
Augustine, lived towards the latter end 
of the fourth century. She was brought 
up when young in a Christian family, 
and being afterwards married to Patri- 
cius, a pagan of Tagasta, in Numedia, en- 
deavored by her amiable manners, to win 
him to her faith. She bore patiently 
with his passionate temper ; when he 
was angry, she was silent ; but when he 
became cool, she would mildly expostu- 
late with him. This course sanctioned 
by the word of God, (1 Peter, 3: 1 — 4,) 
she also recommended to others, and 
they followed it with success. Her 
mother-in-law, who had been strangely 
prejudiced against Christianity, was en- 
tirely won over by her kind, faithful, and 
conciliating spirit. Her husband also 
permitted her to bring up her son in her 
own faith ; and at last embraced it him- 
self. After his death, Augustine, who 



154 BIOGEAPHY. 

was her only son, became the object of 
her chief solicitude, and for nine years 
she prayed and wept for him. A Christ- 
ian bishop, whom she had importuned to 
reason with him, on one occasion, said to 
her, " Be gone, good woman ; it is not 
possible that a child of such tears should 
perish." 

At Rome, whither she had followed 
her son, and where she had the unspeak- 
able happiness to witness his conversion 
to God, she died, in the fifty-sixth year of 
her age. In her last sickness, some one 
lamented that she was likely to die in a 
foreign land ; to which this amiable wo- 
man replied, " Nothing is far from God ; 
and I do not fear that he should not 
know where to find me at the resurrec- 
tion." — Mihiefs Church History. Beth- 
am's Celebrated Women. 

Moody, (Josei)h,) a Congregational 



BIOGRAPHY. 155 

miiiister of York, Maine, was born in 
1701, and died in 1753. He had many 
eccentricities in his conduct ; but he was 
eminent in his piety, and was a remark- 
ably useful minister of the gospel. In 
his younger years he often preached be- 
yond the limits of his own parish, and 
wherever he went the people hung upon 
his lips. In one of his excursions he 
went as far as Providence, where his ex- 
ertions were the means of laying the 
foundation of a church. Though a zeal- 
ous friend to the revival of religion, 
which occurred throughout the country 
a short time before his death, yet he 
gave no countenance to separations. 
Such was the sanctity of his character, 
that it impressed the irreligious with 
awe. To iDiety he united uncommon be- 
nevolence. While with importunate 
earnestness he pleaded the cause of the 
poor, he was very charitable himself It 



156 BIOGRAPHY. 

was by his own choice that he desired his 
support from a free contribution, rather 
than a fixed salary in the usual way. In 
one of his sermons he mentions that he 
had been supported twenty years in a 
way most pleasing to him, and had been 
under no necessity of spending one hour 
in a week in care for the world. 

Petition, according to Dr. Watts, is 
the fourth part of prayer, and includes a 
desire of deliverance from evil, and a 
request of good things to be bestowed. 
On both these accounts petitions are to be 
offered up to God, not only for ourselves, 
but our fellow creatures also. This part 
of prayer is frequently called intercession. 
(See Prayer.) — Hend, Buck. " Prayer is 
a spiritual exercise, and can only be per- 
formed acceptably by the assistance of 
the Holy Spirit." All acceptable prayer 
must be ofiercd in fiith, or a believing 



BIOGRAPHY. 157 

frame of mind. Prayer is to be offered 
for things agreeable to the will of God. 

Perkins, (William,) an eminent divine 
of tlie churcli of England, was born at 
Maton, in Warwickshire, England, 1558. 
He was educated in Christ college, Cam- 
bridge. In his early life he geCve proofs 
of great genius and philosophic research ; 
but in his habits was exceedingly wild 
and profligate. After his conversion, he 
w^as distinguished for his tender sympa- 
thy, and skill in opening the human 
heart ; so that he became the instrument 
of salvation to many. 

At the age of twenty-four, he was 
chosen fellow of Christ college, and 
entered into holy orders. He was soon 
after chosen rector of St. Andrew's 
parish, in Cambridge, where in all his 
efforts he displayed a mind admirably 
adapted to his station. While his dis- 

14 



158 BIOGRAPHY. 

courses were suited to the capacity of the 
common people, the pious scholar could 
not but admire them. They were said to 
be " all law, and all gospel ;" so well did 
he unite the character of a Boanerges and 
a Barnabas. He was an able casuist ; 
and was resorted to by afflicted conscien- 
ces far and near. So far was he from 
considering his field of effort circum- 
scribed, he improved every opportunity 
to do good. On one occasion, perceiving 
who was about to ascend the ladder to be 
executed, exceedingly distressed, he en- 
deavored to console him ; but to no effect. 
He then said, " Man, what is the matter 
with thee? art thou afraid of death?" 
" Ah, no," said the malefactor, " but of a 
worse thing." " Then come down," said 
Mr. Perkins, " and thou shalt see what 
the grace of God can do to strengthen 
thee." Mr. Perkins took hmi by the 
hand, and, kneeling down with him at 



BIOGRAPHY. 159 

tlie foot of the ladder, so fervently ac- 
knowledged sin, its aggravations, and its 
desert, that the poor culprit burst into 
tears of contrition. He then proceeded 
to set forth the Lord Jesus Christ, as the 
Saviour of every believing penitent ; 
which he was enabled to do with so much 
success, that the poor creature continued 
indeed to shed tears ; but they were now 
tears of love, gratitude, and joy, flowing 
from a persuasion that his sins were can- 
celed by the Saviour's blood. He after- 
wards ascended the ladder with com- 
posure, while the spectators lifted up 
their hands and praised God for such a 
glorious display of his sovereign grace. 

Mr. Perkins died in 1602, in the forty- 
fourth year of his age. During his last 
sickness, which was very severe, he was 
remarkably patient. Having heard a 
friend pray for the mitigation of his 
pains, he cried out, " Hold ! hold ! do 



160 BIOGRAPHY. 

not pray so ; but ]3ray the Lord to give 
me faith and patience, and then lay on 
me just what he pleases." 

His works, which were numerous, 

^were published in two volumes folio. 

Many of them were translated into a 

variety of foreign languages. — Micldleton. 

Penn, (William,) the founder and legis- 
lator of Pennsylvania, whom Montes- 
quieu denommated the modern Lycurgus, 
was the son of admiral Penn : was born 
in 1644, in London ; and was educated 
at Christ church, Oxford. As something 
remarkable is usually said of all great 
men in the early part of their lives, so it 
was said of William Penn ; that, while 
here and alone in his chamber, Jaeing 
then eleven years old, he was suddenly 
surprised with an inward comfort, and, 
as he thought, an external glory, in the 
room, which gave rise to religious emo- 



BIOGRAPHY. 161 

tioiis, during which he had the strongest 
conviction of the being of a God, and 
that the soul of man was capable of en- 
joying communication with him. He 
believed, also, that the seal of divinity 
had been upon him at this moment, or 
that he had been awakened or called 
upon to a holy life. But whatever was 
the external occasion, or whether any or 
more, or whatever were the particulars 
which he is said to have imbibed at this 
period, certain it is that while he was at 
Chigwell school, his mind was serious- 
ly impressed on the subject of re- 
ligion. 

At college he imbibed the principles of 
Quakerism, Avhich a few years afterwards 
he publicly professed. Being acciden- 
tally on business at Cork, he heard that 
Thomas Loe, (a layman of Oxford,) and 
the person who first confirmed his early 
religious impressions, was to preach at a 

14* 



162 BIOGRAPHY. 

meeting of the Quakers in that city. 
Accordingly he attended. 

The preacher at length rose, and thus 
began : " There is a faith which over- 
comes the world, and there is a faith 
which is overcome by the world." On 
this subject he enlarged in so impressive 
a manner, that William was quite over- 
come. Penn now became openly a Qua- 
ker ; he was, in consequence, twice 
turned out of doors by his father. In 
1668, he began to preach in public, and 
write in defence of the doctrine which he 
had embraced. For this he was thrice 
imprisoned, and once brought to trial. 
It was during his first imprisonment that 
he wrote " No cross, no crown." In 
1677, he visited Holland and Germany, 
to propagate his principles. He preached 
much on the continent ; was well re- 
ceived ; made many converts to his sys- 
tem; and at Frankfort, wrote his letters 



BIOGRAPHY. 163 

to the churches of Jesus, throughout the 
world, and at Rotterdam, "A call of 
summons, to Christendom." 

In March, 1680-81, he obtained from 
Charles Second, a grant of that territory 
which now bears the name of Pennsylva- 
nia, in lieu of the debt due by the gov- 
ernment to his father ; and which he was 
induced to do, from a desire to spread 
the principles and doctrines of the Qua- 
kers ; and to raise a virtuous empire in 
the new land, which should diffuse its 
example far and wide to the remotest 
ages. 

In 1682, he embarked for his new 
colony, and in the following year he 
founded Philadelphia. In 1684, having 
received accounts of fresh persecutions in 
England, he determined on repairing 
thither to use his influence with the 
court to stop them. In the meantime he 
settled the system of discipline for his 



164 BIOGRAPHY. 

own religious societies at Pennsylvania. 
He visited America for the last time in 
1699, and returned in 1701. The rest of 
his life was passed in tranquillity. He 
died July 30th, 1718. His works have 
been collected in two folio volumes. — 
Memoirs, hij ClarA'son. 

Carter, (Mrs. Elizabeth,) a lady of pro- 
found learning and sincere piety, was the 
eldest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Nicolas 
Carter, a clergyman in Kent, and born at 
Deal, December 16 th, 1717. In early 
life her faculties appeared dull, and her 
progress in knowledge very slow ; but 
she afterwards became mistress of Latin, 
Greek, French, German, Italian, Spanish, 
Portuguese, Hebrew, and attained a par- 
tial knowledge of Arabic. At the age of 
seventeen her poetical attempts appeared 
in the Gentleman's Magazine, and they 
were so eminently excellent, that the 



BIOGRAPHY. 165 

learned flocked around lier with admira- 
tion ; and at the age of twenty, the pro- 
prietor of that magazine published some 
of her poems in a quarto pamphlet. 

In 1741, she formed an intimacy with 
Miss Catharine Talbot, niece of the lord 
chancellor Talbot, Avho distinguished for 
her piety and genius, greatly improved 
Mrs. Carter. To the celebrated Seeker 
she also introduced her; and owing to 
that acquaintance may probably be traced 
her distinguished and justly estimated 
"Translation of Epictetus." In 1754, 
Mrs. Carter renewed a long existing inti- 
macy with Mrs. Montague, and at her 
house frequently met with persons of 
elevated rank, unrivaled talents, and 
genuine piety. In 1756, Sir George 
Lyttleton visited her at Deal, and from 
that time an acquaintance commenced, 
which only terminated with life. She 
also became intimate "with William Pul- 



166 BIOGRAPHY. 

teney, eaii of Bath, who was delighted 
by her society, and regarded her intel- 
lectual powers and attainments with ad- 
miration. 

In 1763, she accompanied lord Bath, 
Dr. Douglas, and others to Spa, and 
made a short tour to Germany and Hol- 
land. In 1768, she was greatly dis- 
tressed by the loss of her friend and pat- 
ron, the excellent Seeker; and in 1774 
by that of her aged, but beloved father. 
Mrs. Carter was visited by the royal fam- 
ily, caressed by the great, and beloved by 
the good. Her learning was great, but 
her piety was more distinguished. As an 
authoress, she commands respect ; but as 
a Christian, veneration and love. To the 
service of God she devoted her youth, 
her maturer years, and her old age. Her 
conscience was very scrupulous ; her mor- 
ality properly rigid, and her life unblem- 
ished. Her studies were various, but she 



BIOGRAPHY. 167 

never forgot her Bible. With that book 
she was intimately acquainted, and spent 
much time in daily devotions. A life 
spent in the service of God could not but 
end in peace and happiness ; and those 
who wish to find an antidote to the cold, 
formal, and speculative professors of the 
present day, would do well to read the 
life, and study the character of the cele- 
brated Mrs. Carter. She lived for many 
years, blessing her friends by her mter- 
course and her prayers ; blessmg society 
by her example, and blessing posterity 
by her writings. She expired on the 
19th of February, 1806, in the eighty- 
eighth year of her age, and was interred 
in the burial-ground of Grosvenor chapel. 

Harris, (Samuel,) a Baptist minister, 
called the apostle of Virginia, was born 
of respectable parentage, in Hanover 
county, January 12th, 1724. He was 



168 BIOGRAPHY. 

baptized about 1758. He soon began to 
preach diligently, but was not ordained 
until 1769. In his power over the affec- 
tions of his hearers, he was thought to 
be equal to Whitefield. The Virginians 
say he seemed to pour forth streams of 
lightning from his eyes. His worldly 
offices he resigned, as he ascribed to 
them the diminution of his religious en- 
joyments. In 1774, the general associa- 
tion of Separate Baptists, thinking to re- 
establish the primitive order, as men- 
tioned Eph. 4: 11, chose Mr. Harris, 
apostle, and ordained him by the hands 
of every minister in that body. — Benedict. 

Sherman, (Roger,) a signer of the dec- 
laration of American independence, was 
born at Newton, Mass, in 1721 ; and, 
with only a common school education 
rose to distinction as a lawyer and states- 
man. His early life was passed in the 



BIOGRAPHY. 169 

occupation of a shoe maker. Removing 
to Connecticut in 1743, he was admitted 
to the bar in 1754, and soon became dis- 
tinguished as a counselor. In 1761, he 
removed to New Haven ; four years after 
was appointed a judge of the county 
court; and in 1776, advanced to the 
bench of the superior court. He was a 
delegate to the celebrated Congress of 
1774, and was a member of that body for 
the space of nineteen years. He was a 
member of the convention that formed 
the constitution of the United States. 
He died in 1793. His talents were solid 
and useful; his judgment unfailing. Mr. 
Mason said of him, " Roger Sherman had 
more common sense than any man I ever 
knew." Mr. Jefferson characterised him 
as " a man who never said a foolish thing 
in his life." He was for many years a 
deacon of the church. Having made a 
public profession of religion at the age of 

15 



170 BIOGRAPHY. 

twenty-one, he was never ashamed to ad- 
vocate the peculiar doctrines of the gos- 
pel, which are often so unwelcome to 
men of worldly eminence. His senti- 
ments were derived from the word of 
God. In the relations of private life, he 
secured esteem and affection. — Goodrich. 

Sumerfield, (John) an interesting 
young minister, was born in Lancashire, 
England, January 31st, 1798. After 
early dissipation he become pious, and 
preached in the Methodist connection in 
Ireland. He came to New . York in 
1821, with almost the popularity of 
Whitefield. His ill-health induced him 
in 1823, to visit France as a delegate 
from the American Bible Society. He 
died at New York, June 13th, 1825, 
aged twenty-seven. Few ministers have 
exhibited such meekness, humility, disin- 



BIOGRAPHY. l'3'l 

terestedness, and benevolence in life; few 
liave been so eloquent in the pulpit. 

Belsbam, (Thomas) an eminent advo- 
cate of Unitarianism, was born April 
15tb, 1750. At the age of sixteen he 
was admitted into the academy at Daven- 
try, then under the care of Dr. Ash- 
worth, 1766. At this time it appears he 
had many doubts of his personal piety. 
" I much fear," he says, " that Christ is 
not formed in my soul. I have had some 
pretty deep conviction this month; but I 
fear I have too often resisted the Holy 
Spirit. I am ready to fear that God has 
not elected me, and that I am irrevoca- 
bly doomed to hopeless misery." 

In 1767, he solemnly dedicated him- 
self to God, in the manner recommended 
by Dr. Doddridge in his " Kise and Pro- 
o-ress." From his doubts and fears, how- 

to 

ever, he seems never to have been re- 



172 BIOGRAPHY. 

lieved, until he adopted the system of 
philosophical necessities, and -final res- 
toration. In 1778, he was settled as 
pastor of a dissenting congregation at 
Worcester, from which however he re- 
moved, in 1781, to take charge of the 
Daventry academy. Here his sentiments 
underwent a change, so far that in 1789, 
he avowed himself a Unitarian, of the 
school of Priestly. He resigned his sta- 
tion, and immediately took charge of 
Hackney college, a Unitarian institution; 
where he continued to discharge the 
office of a tutor until 1805, when he 
became minister of Essex street chapel, 
London, as successor to Dr. Disney, and 
Mr. Lindsey. He seems to have enjoyed 
little happiness at either of his success- 
ive situations ; his conscientiousness was 
painfully great ; and his religious system 
excluded him from the peace and conso- 
lation derived from the atonement of 



BIOGRAPHY. 173 

Christ, and the influence of his spirit. 
He published various works which gave 
him great reputation among his friends ; 
though others regard him as a servile 
thinker, a cold reasoner, and a bold con- 
troversialist. After Dr. Priestly, he was 
regarded as the leader of Unitarianism in 
England. His "Calm Inquiry," "Evi- 
dence of Christianity," " Review of Wil- 
berforce," and "Memoirs of Lindsey," 
including a "History of American Unita- 
rianism," are best known. He died in 
1830. — Memoirs of Mr. Belsham. 

Burnet, (Elizabeth) eldest daughter of 
Sir Richard Blake, was born in 1661, 
and died 1708. At eleven years of age 
she began to have a true sense of relig- 
ion, and read with great application the 
books which were put in her hands ; but 
was not quite satisfied, aspiring after 
more sublime notions than what she 

15* 



174 BIOGRAPHY. 

found in them. On this account more 
than ordinary care was taken in her edu- 
cation, to make her think less highly of 
herself At seventeen, she was married 
to Robert Berkly, Esq., of Worcester. 
With him she visited the continent, and 
resided some time at Hague ; but re- 
turned to England about the time of the 
revolution, in 1688. 

Her knowledge and virtues attracted 
many acquaintances. Dr. Stillingfleet 
was her intimate friend, and used to say 
that he knew not a more considerable 
woman in England. Her husband dying 
in 1693, she applied herself wholly to 
devotion, readmg, acts of charity, and 
offices of friendship, especially to her late 
husband's Protestant relations. She also 
took an active part in founding a hospi- 
tal, for which Mr. Berkly had left a valu- 
able bequest. She also established many 
schools for the instruction of poor chil- 



BIOGRAPHY. 175 

dren ; and employed her pen in useful 
compositions. In 1700, she was married 
to the celebrated bishop Burnet, and was 
a mother indeed to his family of children; 
of which her husband was so sensible, 
that by his will, then made, he left them 
entirely under lier care and authority. 
Such was her benevolence, that she was 
uneasy at using even a fifth part of her 
income for herself. Her death, like her 
life, was that of a calm happy Christian. 
— Betham. 

Blackstone, (Sir William) an eminent 
and religious lawyer, was the third son of 
a silk mercer, and was born in London, 
in 1723. After having been for several 
years at the Charter house, he completed 
his education at Pembroke college, Ox- 
ford, and at both seminaries displaj'ed 
superior talents. Having chosen the pro- 
fession of the law, and entered the mid- 



17G BIOGRAPHY. 

die temple in 1741, he wrote his elegant 
valedictory poem, the " Lawyer's Fare- 
well to his Muse." He remained in com- 
parative obscurity tUl 1753, when he 
began to deliver, at Oxford, his lectures 
on the English laws; which in 1765, 
and the four following years, he pub- 
lished, with the title of " Commentaries 
on the Laws of England." In conse- 
quence of these lectures, he was elected 
Vincrian professor of law, in the univer- 
sity, and obtained a great accession of 
business. In 1766, he sat in parliament 
as member for Hindon, and was made 
king's counsel, and solicitor general to 
the queen. In 1770, he was offered the 
place of solicitor general, but declined it, 
and was made judge of the king's bench; 
whence he was soon after transferred to 
the common pleas. He died in 1780. 
Blackstone was the first who wrote on 
the dry and repulsive subject of English 



BIOGRAPHY. 177 

lav/, in such a manner as not to excite 
disgust in a reader of taste. Like almost 
all lawyers, lie leans to the side of prerog- 
ative; nor is there much more of enlarge- 
ment in his principles of religious liberty. 
For this reason he was exposed to attack 
from Priestly, Junius, and Bentham. — 
Daveiiport. 

Davidson, (Lucretia Maria) a remark- 
able instance of precocious genius and 
piety, was born at Plattsburg, on Lake 
Champlain, September 27th, 1808, being 
the second daughter of Dr. Oliver David- 
son, and Margaret his wife. Her parents 
being in straitened circumstances, much 
of her time was devoted to the cares of 
home. Yet she read much, and wrote 
poetry at a very early age. She had a 
burning thirst for knowledge. In Octo- 
ber, 182-1, a gentleman on a visit to 
Plattsburg, saw some of her verses, and 



178 BIOGRAPHY. 

was made acquainted with her character, 
and circumstances. He determined to 
give her the best education. On know- 
ing his purpose, her joy was almost 
greater than she could bear. She was 
placed in Mrs. Willard's school, at Troy; 
but her incessant application was peril- 
ous to her health. After returning home 
and recovering from illness, she was sent 
to Miss Gilbert's, at Albany; but soon 
she was again very ill. On her return, 
the hectic flush of .her cheek mdicated 
her approaching fate. The last name she 
pronounced, was that of her patron. She 
died August 2Tth, 1825, aged nearly 
seventeen. Her person was singularly 
beautiful. She had a high open fore- 
head, a soft black eye, perfect symmetry 
of features, a fair complexion, and luxu- 
riant dark hau\ The prevailing expres- 
sion of her face was melancholy. 

In her fifteenth year she wrote the fol- 
lowing verses. 



BIOGRAPHY. 179 



TO A S T A 11 . 

"How calmly, brightly dost tliou shine, 
Like the pure lamp in Virtue's shrine ! 
Sure, the fair world, which thou may'st boast, 
Was never ransomed, never lost. 

There, beings pure as heaven's own air. 
Their hopes, their joys together share ; 
While hovering angels touch the string 
And seraphs spread the sheltering wing. 

There, cloudless days and brilliant nights, 
Illumed by heaven's refulgent light, 
There, seasons, years, unnoticed roll, 
And unregretted by the soul. 

Thou little sparklmg star of eveitn 
Thou gem upon an azure heaven! 
How swiftly will I soar to thee, 
When this imprisoned soul is free!" 

Bore, (Catharine Von) a nun of Nimp- 
toclien, in Germany, afterwards the wife 
of Luther, was the daughter of a gentle- 



180 ETOGRAPHY. 

man of fortune. At the commencement 
of the reformation, she, with eight other 
nuns, convinced by Luther's writings of 
the impropriety of monastic vows, escaped 
from her convent, in 1523. This bold 
step was highly praised by Luther, who 
undertook their justification. Catharine 
was then but twenty- six, anxi the charms 
of youth in these circumstances, led her 
enemies to censure her without founda- 
tion, as having left her convent for a lib- 
ertine life. Lutlier, hurt with this re- 
port, would have married her to Glacius, 
minister to Ortancunden ; but she not 
liking Glacius, he married her himself, in 
1526. Luther always delighted in the 
heroism of his wife.- He would not part 
with her, he afterwards observed, for all 
the riches of the Venetians. She was 
pious, modest, plain in her attire, and 
economical in her liouse, where slie dis- 
played all the hospitality of the German 



BOSTON. 181 

nobleness, without tlieir pride. She died 
in 1552, six years after Luther. — Betham. 

Haven, (Nathaniel Apple ton) was born 
January 14th, 1790; graduated at Har- 
vard college, in 1807 ; and settled, a law- 
yer, at Portsmouth, where he died of the 
scarlet fever, June 3d, 1826, aged thirty- 
six. He wrote some fine poetry, and 
many valuable articles for the Ports- 
mouth Journal, which he edited from 
1821 to 1825. He wrote also for the 
North American Keview. He was a 
member of the Rev. Dr. Parker's church, 
in Portsmouth, and for six years superin- 
tended a large and flourishing Sabbath , 
school. His remains, with a memoir by 
George Ticknor, were published in 1827. 
— Ency. 

The writer would most affectionately 
refer to that eminent divine. Rev. Dr. 
Parker. When closing a young ladies' 

16 



182 BIOGRAPHY. 

school in Portsmouth, in the summer of 
1812, we addressed a note to Mr. Parker, 
requesting him to attend the examination 
and exhibition, and address the Throne 
of Grace, which he most cheerfully com- 
plied with ; his prayer was in keeping 
with hunself, appropriate and eloquent. 
In after years, when visiting his friends 
in Dover, he referred to that school. 

Coddington, (William) one of the 
founders of Hhode Island, was a native 
of Lincolnshire, England. lie came to 
this country one of the chief magistrates 
of Massachusetts ; he was several times 
re-chosen to that office. lie removed to 
Ehode Island, April 26th, 1638, and was 
the principal instrument in effecting the 
original settlement of that place. His 
name stands first on the covenant, signed 
by eighteen persons, March 7tli, 1638 ; 
forming themselves into a body politic, 



BIOGRAPHY. 183 

to be governed by the laws of the Lord 
Jesus Christ, the King of kings. 

Mr. Coddington was chosen governor 
seven years successively. In 1652, he 
retired from public business ; but toward 
the close of his life, he was prevailed on 
to accept the chief magistracy. He was 
governor in the year 1674, and 1675. 
He died November 1st, 1678. While he 
lived in Rhode Island, he embraced the 
sentiments of the Quakers. He was a 
warm advocate for liberty of conscience. 
— Enci/. 

Evans, (Caleb, D. D.,) President of the 
Baptist Education Society at Bristol, was 
the son of the Rev. Hugh Evans. He 
was born at Bristol, about the year 1737. 
In 1767, he became colleague to his fath- 
er, as pastor of the church ; and in 1770 
formed the " Bristol Education Society ;" 
the object of which was, that of furnish- 



184 BIOGRAPHY. 

ing the dissenting congregations, and 
especially those of the Baptist denomina- 
tion, with a succession of able and evan- 
gelical ministers, as ■well as missionaries, 
for propagating the gospel in the world. 
From this time to the period of his death, 
which took place, August 9th, 1791, in 
the fifty-fourth year of his age, Dr. 
Evans continued to discharge the duties 
of his high office with honor to himself, 
and usefulness to the body with which 
he was associated. He ]oublished an 
answer to Dr. Priestly's " Appeal," and a 
small volume entitled "Christ Crucified;" 
besides occasional sermons. — Jones' Chr. 
Biog. 

Amelia, (the princess,) the eminently 
pious daughter of his majesty George the 
III.; born 1783, and died 1810, aged 
twenty-seven years. She was most ten- 
derly beloved by her father, whose last 



BIOGRAPHY. 185 

illness is supposed to have accelerated, if 
not brought on his death. A beautiful 
picture of the venerable monarch and his 
daughter, is given by a gentleman, who 
was in the habit of close and official 
attendance on the princess Amelia during 
her last days. Eeing asked what was 
the nature of the interview and conversa- 
tion between her and his majesty, he re- 
plied, " They are of the most interesting 
kmd." Are they of a religious tendency"? 
" Decidedly so," replied the gentleman ; 
" and the religion is exactly of that sort 
which you, as a serious Christian, would 
'approve. His majesty speaks to his 
daughter of the only hope of a sinner 
being in the blood and righteousness of 
Christ. He examines her as to the in- 
tegrity and strength of that hope in her 
own soul. The princess listens with 
calmness and delight to the conversation 

of her venerable parent, and replies to 
16* 



186 BIOGRAPHY. 

his questions in a very affectionate and 
serious manner. If you were present at 
one of these interviews, you would ac- 
knowledge with joy that the gospel is 
preached in a palace, and that under 
highly affecting circumstances. Noth- 
ing," added he, " can be more striking 
than the sight of the king, aged and 
nearly blind, bending over the couch on 
which the princess lies, and speaking to 
her about salvation through Christ, as a 
matter far more interesting to both, than 
the highest privileges and the most mag- 
nificent pomp of royalty." — Chissord. 

Caldwell, (Elias B.) clerk of the su- 
preme court of the United States, grad- 
uated at Princeton, in 179G, and died at 
Washington, in May, 1825, gladdened by 
the promises of the religion which he pro- 
fessed. He labored zealously in forming 
and conducting the American Colonization 



BIOGRAPHY. 187 

Society, of which he was the correspond- 
ing secretary. In honor of him, the 
managers of the society gave the name of 
Caldwell, to a town in their African 
colony. Mr. C, in order to bring relig- 
ious instructions to the untaught in the 
country near Washington, obtained a 
license to preach from the presbytery, 
and was accustomed to preach on the 
Sabbath. — African Rep. 

Carroll, (John, D. D.,) first Catholic 
bishop of the United States, was born in 
Maryland, in the year 1734. He was 
sent at the age of thirteen, to the college 
St. Onurs', in Flanders, where he re- 
mained for six years, when he was trans- 
ferred to the colleges Liege and Bruges. 
In 1769, he was ordained a priest, and 
soon after became a Jesuit. He returned 
to America in 1775, and when the Ro- 
man Catholic clergy in the United States 



188 BIOGRAPHY. 

requested from the pope the establish- 
ment of a hierarchy, Mr. Carroll was ap- 
pointed vicar general, and fixed his resi 
dencc at Baltimore. In 1789, he was 
named bishop, and in the ensuing year 
was consecrated in England. In the 
same year he returned to his native 
country, and, from the office of his episco- 
pal see, assumed the title of bishop of 
Baltimore. A few years before his 
death, he was raised to the dignity of arch- 
bishop. He was a man of the most 
amiable manners, and of deep evangeli- 
cal piety; the American Fenelon. He 
died in 1815, much esteemed and re- 
gretted. — Da venport. 

Athenais, (afterwards Elia Eudocia,) 
empress of the east, was the daughter of 
Leontinus, an Athenian philosopher, who 
gave her a most elegant and liberal edu- 
cation. To the learning and philosophy 



BIOGRAPHY. 189 

of the Greeks, slie added the arts of 
elocution and music. Her father at his 
death, left all his property to her two 
brothers, except one hundred pieces of 
gold ; saying in his will, that " her un- 
qualified merit was a sufficient portion." 
This merit, however, was certainly no 
apology for such signal injustice 
which was manifested; aggravated by 
the harsh treatment of her brothers, she 
w^as forced to take refuge with an aunt 
on her mother's side. Her aunt took 
her to Constantinople, about the year 
420, and the princess made the Pul- 
cheria acquainted with her situation. 
This princess, struck with her singular 
beauty, learning, and modesty, found 
means of making the admirable qualities 
of her protege known to her brother, 
Theodoricus, surnamed the Young. To 
him, Athenais was soon married, and 
was acknowledged empress of the east. 



190 BIOGRAPHY. 

in 422. Before her marriage, she em- 
braced Christianity, the spirit of which 
she exercised toward her brothers. On 
hearing of her good fortune, they fled ; 
but she caused them to be brought to 
Constantinople ; obtained their forgive- 
ness of the emperor, and their elevations 
to honor and trust. " I regard you," said 
she, " as the instrument of my elevation. 
It was not your cruelty, but the hand of 
Providence, which brought me here to 
raise me to the throne." 

Arrayed in the imperial purple, she 
still cultivated her studies, and in every 
department of the sciences then known, 
was thought to equal any philosopher of 
the other sex. Her poems were the ad- 
miration of her own and succeeding ages. 
She translated into verse the Pentateuch, 
Joshua, Judges, Puth, together with the 
prophecies of Daniel and Zechariah. The 
learned Photius speaks highly both of 



BIOGRAPHY. 191 

the merit of the poetry, and of the fidel- 
ity of the translations ; so that her name 
was ranked among theologians, as well 
as among the literati ; and this, while at 
the head of a magnificent court. 

Anthony, (Susanna) an eminently 
pious female, of Newport, Rhode Island, 
was born in 1726, and died June 23d, 
1791, aged sixty-four years. Her parents 
w^ere Quakers. Dr. Hopkins published 
the memoirs of her life, consisting chiefly 
of extracts from her writings, of which 
there was a second edition in 1810. She 
devoted herself chiefly to prayer. — Allen. 

Scougal, (Henry) some time professor 
of divinity in the University of Aberdeen, 
was a divine of the Episcopal church of 
Scotland, in the seventeenth century. 
He was educated in the university of St. 
Andrews. In 1673, he was presented by 



192 BIOGRAPHY. 

his college to a living, but recalled the 
following year, and made professor of 
theology. His great exertions, both in 
this capacity, and as a preacher, threw 
him into a consumption, and he died, 
greatly lamented, in 1678, at the early 
age of twenty-eight. Dr. Doddridge says, 
" He was a writer of the first rank, 
though he wrote but little. Every page 
abounds with noble and proper thought, 
clothed with a decent eloquence, suited 
to the subject. He appears to be the 
best model of all his class. His ' Life of 
God in the Soul of Man,' and ' Sermons,' 
should be often read. His early death 
at the age of twenty-eight, was an un- 
speakable loss to the world." — Enci/. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 193 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Quakers, or Friends ; a body of Christ- 
ians which took its rise in England, 
about the middle of the seventeenth cen- 
tury, and rapidly found its way into 
other countries in Europe, and into the 
English settlements in North America. 
After the society was formed, they as- 
sumed the appellation of Eriends. Geo. 
Eox is supposed to be their first founder, 
but after the restoration, Penn and Bar- 
clay gave to their principles a more regu- 
lar form. The doctrines of the society 
have been variously represented ; but ac- 
cording to Penn, they believe in the 
Trinity of the Father, Word, and Spuit, 

agreeably to the Scripture. In reply to 
17 



194 MISCELLANEOUS. 

the charge that they deny Christ to be 
God, Penn says that is a most untrue 
and uncharitable censure ; that they 
truly and expressly own him to be so 
according to the Scripture. To the ob- 
jection that they deny the human nature 
of Christ, he answers, "We never taught, 
said or held so gross a thing, but believe 
him to be truly and properly man like 
us, sin only excepted." The doctrines of 
the fall, and the redemption by Christ, 
are according to him believed by them ; 
and he firmly declares, " That they o\\ai 
Jesus Christ as their sacrifice, atone- 
ment, and propitiation." Their honora- 
ble elder, George Fox, says, " We agree 
with other professors of the Christian 
name, in the belief of one eternal God, 
the Creator and Preserver of the uni- 
verse ; and in Jesus Christ, his Son, the 
Messiah, and Mediator ^of the new cov- 
enant. Heb. 12: 2i. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 195 

Preshi/terlmi Churches in the United States. 

This denomination is to be considered 
as the offspring of the church of Scot- 
land. It commenced its organized exist- 
ence in the American colonies about the 
beginning of the eighteenth century. 
The ministers of whom we first hear as 
preaching and laying the foundation of 
churches, were the Rev. Francis M'- 
Kemie, and the E-ev. John Hamton; the 
former from the north of Ireland, the 
latter from Scotland. These gentlemen 
appear to have been sent to this country 
by a respectable body of pious dissenters 
in the city of London, for the purpose of 
preaching the gospel in the middle and 
southern colonies. They came in 1699, 
and fixed their residence on the eastern 
shore of Virginia, near the boarders of 
Maryland, and went preaching in every 
direction, as the disposition of the people, 



196 MISCELLANEOUS. 

or other cii'cumstances, invited tlieir 
evangelical labors. The Quakers of 
Pennsylvania were disposed to open their 
arms to all denominations of professing 
Christians, who might be inclined to 
settle among them. And the E-oman 
Catholics of Maryland, being colonized 
under a charter which compelled them to 
exercise universal toleration toward pro- 
testant sects, also afforded an asylum to 
Presbyterians flying from persecution on 
the other side of the Atlantic. It was 
on account of these circumstances that 
Pennsylvania and Maryland were select- 
ed as the first seats of Presbyterian 
enterprise and organization. So far as 
is now known, the first Presbyterian 
church that was organized, and furnished 
with a place of worship, in the American 
colonies, was in the city of Philadelphia. 
This took place about the year 1703. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 197 

Free- Will Baptists. In North America, 
in the year 1780, the first church of this 
denomination was organized at New Dur- 
ham, N. H., under the x^astoral charge of 
Ekier Benjamin Eandall. They have 
since spread in various parts of the coun- 
try, and now have churches in twelve 
difierent states, and in the Canadas. In 
January, 1844, there were eight yearly 
meetings, and forty-six quarterly meet- 
ings, and including about three thousand 
general Baptists, in North Carolina, who 
have taken the name of Free-Will Bap- 
tists; about seven hundred churches, five 
hundred and sixty preachers, and thirty 
thousand five hundred communicants. 

Methodist E. Church in the United States. 

The first Methodist Class in America, 
was formed in the city of New York, by 

Pliillip Embury, in 1766. The commu- 

11* 



198 MISCELLANEOUS. 

nity, however, arising out of the labors 
of Mr. Wesley, and some early preachers, 
was not regularly formed till 1784; 
when Dr. Coke, a presbyter of the church 
of England, having been ordained, was 
sent out in the capacity of superintend- 
ent of the Methodist Society in America. 
The highly respectable Methodist soci- 
ety in Dover, was incorporated in 1819. 

TJniversalists. The great distinguishing 
characteristic of this class of Christians, 
is their belief in the final holiness and 
happiness of the whole human family. 
Some of them believe that all punish- 
ment for sin is endured in the present 
state of existence, while others believe it 
extends into the future life ; but all 
agree that it is administered in a spirit 
of kindness, is intended for the good of 
those who experience it, and that it will 
finally terminate and be succeeded by a 



MISCELLANEOUS. 199 

state of perfect and endless holiness and 
happiness. 

I would now speak of the renowned 
society called Friends. 

At an early age, my lot was cast with 
the people called Friends, or Quakers. 
But to my mind the name of Friends is 
much more congenial ; for friends indeed 
they generally prove themselves to be, to 
all who are in need of succor or sympa- 
thy. In all their dealings with their 
fellow-men, they have ever manifested 
the good feelings, and gracious spirit 
that William Penn possessed when he 
made his treaty with the Indians. " We 
meet," said William, " on the broad 
ground of faith and good will. No ad- 
vantage shall be taken on either side, 
but all shall be openness and love. I 
will not call you children, for parents 
sometimes chide their children too severe- 



200 MISCELLANEOUS. 

ly ; nor brothers onl}» for brothers some- 
tinies differ. The friendship between you 
and me I will not compare to a cham, 
for that the rains might rust, or the falling 
tree break. We are the same as if one 
man's body were divided into two parts, 
w^e are all one flesh and blood." This 
kind feeling has ever been cherished by 
the denomination of Friends, from that 
day to the present, towards all Avith 
whom they have had intercourse. I may 
add there are those of this worthy ap- 
pellation in this region. They are always 
famed for their hospitality. A poor man 
in need of food or clothing, is never sent 
empty away. Of this I have seen many 
striking proofs. Nor do they give nig- 
gardly or grudgingly, or of the poorest of 
their substance. And what makes their 
giving more commendable, is, they give 
to all who are needy. The author while 
soliciting patronage for the publication 



MISCELLANEOUS. 201 

of these adventures, has not only found 
the Friends ready to subscribe, but in 
some instances willing to pay in advance, 
and add, " Should any thing happen the 
books should fail, thee is welcome to the 
money; and if thee lack, call again." No 
denomination has stood the test of time 
longer or with better grace than that of 
the Friends. 

Temperance ; that virtue which a man 
is said to possess who moderates and re- 
strains his sensual appetite. It is often 
however, in a much more general sense, 
as synonymous with moderation, and is 
applied indiscriminately to all the pas- 
sions. " Temperance," says Addison, 
"has those particular advantages above 
all other means of health, that it may be 
practiced by all ranks and conditions, at 
all seasons or in any place. It is a kind of 
regimen into which every man may put 



202 MISCELLA^'EOUS. 

himself without interruption to business, 
expense of money, or loss of time. Water 
drinkers have better teeth, better stom- 
achs, and better appetites, than those 
who make use of stimulating drmks. 
Their minds are more clear and capable 
of greater efforts." "SVhile Sir Isaac New- 
ton was writing his celebrated treatise on 
optics, he drank nothing but water. John 
Locke, that mighty giant in intellect, 
made water his common drink. He had 
a very feeble constitution, and was afflict- 
ed with the asthma ; yet he lived seventy- 
three years. Cold water cools, thins and 
clears the blood ; it keeps the stomach, 
head, and nerves ui order ; it produces an 
equilibrium of animal spirits, and pro- 
motes tranquillity, serenity, and cheerful- 
ness. 

Idleness ; a reluctancy to be employed 
in any kind of work. The idle man is 



MISCELLANEOUS. 203 

in every view, both foolish and criminal. 
He neither lives to God, to the world, 
nor himself. He does not live to God, 
for he answers not the end for which he 
was brought into being. Existence is a 
sacred trust, but he who misemploys, and 
squanders it away, thus becomes treach- 
erous to its Author. Those powers which 
should be employed in his service, and 
for the promotion of his glory, lie dor- 
mant ; the time which should be sacred 
to Jehovah, is lost, and thus he enjoys 
no fellowship with God, nor any way de- 
votes himself to his praise. He lives not 
to the world, nor for the benefit of his 
fellow-creatures around him ; while all 
creation is fidl of life and activity, and 
nothing stands still in the universe, he 
remains idle, forgetting that mankind are 
connected by various relations, and mu- 
tual dependence, and that the order of 
the world cannot be maintained without 



204 MISCELLANEOUS. 

perpetual circulation of active duties. 
He lives not to himself; thougli he im- 
agines he leaves to others the drudgery 
of labor, and betakes himself to enjoy- 
ment and ease ; yet in fact he has no true 
pleasure. While he is a blank in society, 
he is no less a torment to himself, for he 
who knows not what it is to labor, knows 
not what it is to enjoy life. He shuts 
the door against improvement of every 
kind, whether of body, mind or fortune. 
Sloth enfeebles equally the bodily and 
mental powers. His character falls into 
contempt ; disorder, confusion and em- 
barrassment, mark his whole situation. 
Idleness is the inlet to a variety of other 
vices, it undermines every virtue in the 
soul; violent passions like rapid torrents, 
run through then- course ; but after hav- 
ing overflowed their banks, their impetu- 
osity subsides ; but sloth, especially when 
it is habitual, is like the slowly flowing 



MISCELLANEOUS. 205 

putrid stream which stagnates in the 
marsh, breeds venomous animals and 
poisonous plants, and infests with pesti- 
lential vapors, the Avhole country round ; 
it having once tainted the soil, it leaves 
no part of it sound, and at the same time 
gives not those alarms to conscience 
which the eruptions of bolder and fiercer 
emotions often occasion. 

Frietidship, is the state of minds united 
by mutual affection, and abounding in 
acts of reciprocal kindness. "To live in 
friendship," says a heathen writer, " is to 
have the same desires and the same aver- 
sions." So many qualities, indeed, are 
requisite to the possibility of friendship 
among men, and so many favorable cir- 
cumstances must concur to its rise and 
continuance, that the greatest part of 
mankind content themselves without it, 
and supply its place as they can with 

Id 



206 MISCELLANEOUS. 

interest and dependence. The generality 
of mankind are unqualified for a con- 
stant and warm intercliange of benevo- 
lence, as indeed they are incapacitated 
for any other elevated excellence, by 
perpetual attention to their own interest, 
and unresisting subjection to their de- 
praved passions. An inveterate selfish- 
ness predominates in their mind, and all 
their actions are tainted with a sordid 
love of gain. But there are many varie- 
ties of disposition, as well as this hate- 
ful and confirmed corruption, that ex- 
clude friendship from the heart. Some 
persons are ardent enough in their be- 
nevolence, are constitutionally mutable 
and uncertain, soon attracted by new 
objects, disgusted without oficnce, and 
alienated without enmity. Others are 
soft and flexible ; easily influenced by 
r(>ports and whispers, ready to catch 
alarms from ovorv dubious; circumstance, 



MISCELLANEOUS. 207 

and to listen to every suspicion which 
envy or flattery may suggest. Some arc 
impatient of contradiction, more wilhng 
to go wrong by their own judgment, 
than to be indebted for a better and safer 
way to the sagacity of another. Too 
many are dark and involved, anxious to 
conceal their purposes, and pleased when 
they can show their design only in its 
execution. Some are universally com- 
municative, alike open to every eye, and 
equally profuse of their own secrets and 
those of others, without the necessary 
vigilance of caution, ready to accuse 
without malice, and to betray without 
treachery. Each of these is unfit for 
close and tender intimacy. He cannot 
properly be chosen for a friend, whose 
kindness is exhaled by its own warmth, 
or frozen by the first blast of slander; 
nor can he be a useful counselor, who 
will hear no opinion but his own ; that 



208 MISCELLANEOUS. 

man will not much, invite confidence 
whose principal maxim is to suspect ; nor 
can his candor and frankness be much 
esteemed, who makes every man without 
distinction, a denizen of his bosom. 

Iletirement is the state of a person who 
quits public station, in order to be alone. 
Iletirement is of great advantage to a 
wise man ; to him " the hour of solitude 
is the hour of meditation." He com- 
munes with his own heart ; he reviews the 
actions of his past life ; he corrects what 
is amiss ; he rejoices in what is right ; 
and wiser by experience, lays the plan of 
his future life. The great and the noble, 
the wise and the learned, the pious and 
the good, have been lovers of serious re- 
tirement. On the field, the patriot forms 
his schemes ; the philosopher pursues his 
discoveries, the saint improves himself in 
wisdom and good. Solitude is the hal- 



MISCELLANEOUS. 209 

lowed ground which religion, in every 
age, has adapted as its own. There her 
sacred inspirations are felt, and her holy 
mysteries elevate the soul; there devo- 
tion lifts up the voice, there falls the 
tear of contrition, there the heart pours 
itself forth before him who made and 
him who redeemed it. Apart from men 
we live with nature, and converse with 
God. — Ency. 

Sorrow is uneasiness or grief, arising 
from the privations of some good we 
actually possessed. It is the opposite to 
joy; though sorrow may be allowable 
under a sense of sin, and when involved 
in troubles, yet we must beware of an 
extreme. In order to moderate our sor- 
row, we should consider that we are 
under the direction of a wise and merci- 
ful Being; that he permits no evil to 

come upon us without a gracious design ; 

18* 



210 MISCELLANEOUS. 

that he can make our troubles sources of 
spiritual advantage ; that he might have 
afflicted us in a far greater degree ; that 
though he has taken some, yet he has 
left many other comforts ; that he has 
given many promises of relief; that he 
has supported thousands in as great 
troubles as ours; finally, that the time 
is coming when he will wipe away all 
tears, and give to them that love him a 
" crown of glory that fadeth not away." 

Religious Education. " Fathers," says 
the apostle, (Eph. 6: 4,) " bring up your 
children in the nurture and admonition 
of the Lord." " This, surely," says Mr. 
Buckminster, " can be mterpreted as 
nothing less than a precept for the relig- 
ious education of those committed to 
their care. If any thing should be 
taught soon, it is certainly that which 
ought never to be forgotten. The earli- 



MISCELLANEOUS. 211 

est age is that which imbibes the most 
copiously, and retains the longest. If 
then we would succeed in training up 
children in the nurture and admonition 
of the Lord, we must begin before the 
heart is hardened by prejudices, or pollu- 
ted with vice. The first light which 
strikes them should be the light of hea- 
ven. The mind will be pre-occupied if 
the parent is a moment idle. The mind 
of a child cannot be shut up until he is 
ready to furnish it ; and though it is 
hard to make them learn, it will be 
found still harder to make them forget 
what they should not have received." — 
Sketches. 

Christian Fortitude is necessary to vig- 
ilance, patience, self-denial, and perse- 
verance ; and is requisite under affliction, 
temptation, persecution, desertion, and 
death. The noble cause in which the 



212 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Christian is engaged, tlie glorious Master 
whom he serves, the provision that is 
made for his security, the illustrious ex- 
amples set before him, the approbation of 
a good conscience, and the grand pros- 
pect he has in ^dew, are all powerful 
motives to the exercise of this grace. — 
Watts' Sermon. 

Generosity ; the disposition which 
prompts us to bestow favors which are 
not the purchase of any particular merit. 
It is different from humanity. Human- 
ity is that exquisite feeling we possess in 
relation to others, so as to grieve for 
their sufferings, resent their mjuries, or 
rejoice at their prosperity; and as it 
arrises from sympathy, it requires no 
great self-denial, or self-command; but 
generosity is that by which we are led to 
prefer some other person to ourselves, 
and to sacrifice any interest of our own 



MISCELLANEOUS. 213 

to the interest of another. Generosity is 
peculiarly amiable when it is spontane- 
ous and unsolicited ; when it is disinter- 
ested, and when, in the distribution of 
its benefits, it consults the best season 
and manner in conferring them. — Hend. 
Buck. 

Filial Piety is the affectionate attach- 
ment of children to their parents, in- 
cluding in it love, reverence, obedience, 
and relief. Justly has it been observed, 
that those great duties are prompted 
equally by nature and gratitude; indis- 
pensable are the injunctions of religion, 
for where shall we find the person who 
hath received from any one benefits so 
great or so many, as children from their 
parents'? And it may be truly said, if 
persons are undutiful to their parents, 
they seldom prove good to any other 
relation. 



214 MISCELLANEOUS. 

" In educating youth," says Madam 
Beaumont, " it is absolutely necessary in 
forming their young minds to virtue, 
never to separate religion and reason ; 
one must be dependent on the other ; for 
the support of which, it is of the utmost 
importance to study the Holy Scriptures, 
which are alone capable of inspiring us 
with a just idea of the eternal Being, the 
recompenser of virtue, and the avenger of 
crimes." 

Delate ; to dispute. A man ought to 
debate his cause with his neighbor ; he 
ought privately and meekly to reason the 
point of difference between them. Prov. 
25 : 9. God debates in measure with 
his people, when he reproves and cor- 
rects them, as they are able to bear it. 
Isa. 27: 8. Debate signifies contention, 
especially in words. Komans 1 : 29. — 
Brown. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 215 

Ejaculation ; a short prayer, in which 
the mind is directed to God on any 
emergency. 

Eqiiiti/, is that exact rnle of righteous- 
ness or justice which is to be observed 
between man and man. Our Lord beau- 
tifully and comprehensively expresses it 
in these words : " All things whatsoever 
ye would that men should do unto you, 
do ye even so to them, for this is the law 
and the prophets." Matt. 7: 12. "This 
golden rule," says Br. Watts, " has many 
excellent properties in it; first it is a 
rule that is easy to be understood, and 
easy to be applied by the meanest and 
weakest understandicg. Isaiah 35 : 8. 
Secondly, it is a very short rule, and 
easy to be remembered." 

Mind; a thinking, intelligent being; 
otherwise called spirit or soul. Dr. 



216 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Watts has given us some admirable 
thoughts as to the improvement of the 
mind. " There are five eminent means 
or methods," he observes, " whereby the 
mind is improved in the knowledge of 
things ; and these are, observation, read- 
ing, instruction by lectures, conversation, 
and meditation, which last in a most 
peculiar manner, is called study." — See 
Locke. 

Abuse ; to use things or persons from 
wrong motives, to wrong ends, in a sin- 
ful or dishonorable manner. Judges 19 : 
25. Children abuse their parents, when 
by disobedience of any kind, or by neg- 
lecting to support or comfort them, they 
shorten or embitter their existence. Men 
abuse the world when they use the good 
things of it to dishonor Gpd, and gratify 
their own lust, forgetful of eternity. 1 
Cor. 17: 31. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 217 

Censure ; the act of judging and blam- 
ing others for their faults. Faithfuhiess 
in reproving another differs from censori- 
ousness ; the former arises from love to 
truth, and respect for the person ; the 
latter is a disposition that loves to find 
fault. However, just censure may be 
where there is blame, yet a censorious 
spirit, or rash judging, must be avoided. 
It is usurping the authority and judg- 
ment of God. It is unjust, uncharitable, 
mischievous, productive of unhappiness 
to ourselves, and often the cause of disor- 
der and confusion in society. — See Rash 
Judging. 

Anxiety ; intense solicitude, the ex- 
treme of care. Solicitude and anxiety as 
habits of the mind in relation to worldly 
things, and especially to providential 
events yet future ; are irreconcilable with 
the faith of a Christian which requires 

19 



218 MICCELLANEOUS. 

him to cast all his burdens on the Lord. 
The charge of our Saviour, Matthew 6 : 
25 — 34, literally rendered, is: Be not 
anxious about your life, indulge no anx- 
iety respecting the morrow, for sufficient 
unto the day is the evil thereof. 

Pride is inordinate and unreasonable 
self-esteem, attended with insolence, and 
rude treatment of others. Pride mani- 
fests itself in various ways. The evil 
effects of pride are beyond computation ; 
to suppress this evil, we should consider 
what we are. " If we could trace our 
descents," says Seneca, " we should find 
all slaves to come from princes, and all 
princes from slaves." 

Inte()rity ; purity of mind, free from 
any undue bias or principle. Prov. 11 : 
3. Many hold that a certain artful sa- 
gacity, founded upon knowledge of the 



MISCELLANEOUS. 219 

world, is the best conductor of every one 
who would he a successful adventurer in 
life ; and that a strict attention to integ;- 
rity, would lead them into danger and 
distress. But into this, it is justly ob- 
served, first, that the guidance of integ- 
rity is the safest under which we can be 
placed ; that the road in which it leads 
U5 in, upon the Avliole, is freest from 
danger. Prov. 3: 21. Secondly, it is 
unquestionably the most honorable; for 
integrity is the foundation of all that is 
high in character among mankind. Prov. 
4 : 8. Thirdly, it is the most conducive 
to felicity, such a character can look 
forward to eternity without dismay. Ro- 
mans 2 : 7. 

Contention, is either sinful, when with 
carnal affection we strive with one anoth- 
er. Prov. 13 : 10. Or lawful when we 
eagerly promote that which is good, not- 



220 MISCELLANEOUS. 

withstanding great opposition. 1 Thess. 
2 : 2. We contend earnestly for the 
faith, when notwithstanding manifold 
suffering and danger, we are strong in 
the faith of God's truth contained in his 
word; zealously profess and practice it, 
and excite others to do so, and exert our- 
selves to prevent the censure of scandal- 
ous and heretical persons. Jude 2. 

Pity is generally defined to be the 
uneasiness we feel at the unhappiness of 
others, prompting us to compassionate 
them, with a desii'e of their relief God 
is said to pity them that fear him, as a 
father piteth his children. . " The father," 
says Mr. Henry, " pities his children that 
are weak in knowledge, and instructs 
them; pities them when they are fro- 
ward, and bears with them ; pities them 
when they are sick, and comforts them 
(Isa. Qf^ : 13,) when they are fallen, and 



MISCELLANEOUS. 221 

helps tliem up again when they have 
offended, and forgives them when they 
are wrong, and rights them. Thus the 
Lord pitieth them that fear him. Psalm 
103: 13. 

" The Epistle of Paul to the Eomans," 
says Dr. Macknight, " which for sublim- 
ity and .truth of sentiment, for brevity 
and strength of expression, for regularity 
in its structure, but above all for the un- 
speakable importance of the discoveries 
which it contains, stands unrivaled by 
any mere human composition, and as far 
exceeds the most celebrated production of 
the learned Greeks and Romans, as the 
shining of the sun exceeds the twinklmg 
of the stars." 

This Epistle was written a. d. 57, or 
58, in Corinth. 

A selection of miscellaneous articles 

19* 



222 MISCELLANEOUS. 

and select sentences, treasured up from 
time to time, by the writer : 

Truth is immortal, no fragment of it 
ever dies. 

The happiness of heaven must consist 
in loving and giving. 

Up to heaven's gate in theory, down in 
earth's dust in practice. 

The world will still roll on in its own 
orbit, around the sun, tind the puny, tiny 
insects that are now buzzing about here, 
will all pass off, and be gone. 

Sleep is the dearest solace of the 
wretched. 

The heart of the ambitious is like the 
sea ; always exposed to the storm, always 
agitated and ruffled by the slightest 
wind. 

The tongue is a wonderful implement ; 
every one has it, and can use it. Sj^eak- 
ing the truth in love is one of the cheap- 
est and best ways of doing good. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 223 

If you can do good to-day, defer it not 
till tomorrow. 

The excellency of many discourses con- 
sists in their brevity. 

A wicked man may be considered as 
dead while he is alive ; but a good man 
lives in the tomb. 

A rich man who is not liberal, resem- 
bles a tree without fruit. 

There is a Providence that rules all 
the minute things in nature. 

Adversity tries true friendship. 

We cannot judge of the merits of a 
subject, which we make personal. 

Open reproaches and false accusations 
wound like a sword in close fight. 
Secret detraction slays like an arrow shot 
from a distance, or one concealed from 
view.— 5. P. ^ Scott. 

Suspicion cannot live before perfect 
frankness. 



224 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Afflictions often enlighten and reprove, 
correct and purify. 

Love for love, says an aged divine, is 
but justice and gratitude. Love for no 
love is favor and kindness. But love for 
hatred is a most divine temper ; and this 
is the temper our Saviour represents 
when he tells us to pray for our ene- 
mies. 

What consolation would there be to 
the oppressed if they were not permitted 
to pray 1 

A monk once said, " Work is wor- 
ship;" might have said, Work is happi- 
ness or pleasure. 

The word of an honest man is evi- 
dence, without an oath. 

Heads of prayer, by the excellent 
Matthew Henry : Adoration, Confession, 
Supplication, Thanksgiving, and Inter- 
cession. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 225 

A few lines written by Lutlier, to a 
friend : 

" Aged, weary, spiritless, and almost 
blind ; yet I have as much to do in 
writing, preaching, and acting, as if I 
had never written, nor preached, nor 
acted. I am weary of the world, and the 
world is weary of me. The parting will 
be easy, like that of a guest leaving the 
inn. I pray only that God will be gra- 
cious to me in my last hours, and I shall 
quit the world without reluctance." 

" Blessed are those who keep the com- 
mandments of God ; they shall have a 
right to the tree of life. Enter m through 
the gates, into the city, and go no more 
out forever." 

An eminent lady who is proverbial for 
charitable and benevolent deeds, present- 
ed the writer a number of bibles and 



226 MISCELLANEOUS. 

testaments for the benefit of visitors, 
while keeping the New Hampshire 
House. 

Ask counsel of friends, advice of neigh- 
bors, help of strangers, relatives nothing. 

Standing above the great cataract, 
Kossuth said, "Indeed, Niagara sur- 
passes my expectations. It has no word, 
no voice to describe it ; it baffles the 
power of language." 

Always treat the sentiments of benevo- 
lence with attention, let them be ever so 
uncouth. 

Imaginative faculty of our minds is, 
wliile kept in order, a great blessing ; but 
when it falls into disorder, it is a great 
evil. 

Excitement always obscures the 
senses. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 227 

Eartli has no sorrows which heaven 
cannot kill. — Dr. Potts. 

Time is the great restorer. 

O, how long a lesson it is to learn the 
full meaning of that word, Acquiesce; 
how difficult to say from the heart, 
" Lord, not as I will, but as Thou wilt." 

The memory of the good ought to be 
embalmed in the hearts of the poor. 

Practical Observations. (Luke, chap. 
7.) The history of the woman that was 
a sinner has something in it very re- 
markable, and instructs us in the nature 
of true repentance. We find in this 
woman, a pattern of great humility. We 
see here with how much goodness the 
Saviour receives true penitents and par- 
dons their sins. 

Coming of the Last Dai/. (2 Peter, 
chap. 3.) This chapter treats of the last 



228 MISCELLANEOUS. 

coming of Christ, and the end of the 
world, and the effects which this doctrine 
ought to produce in us. The apostle 
Peter tells us we cannot apply ourselves 
with too great earnestness to a holy life ; 
so as not to be surprised by that day, 
but to be then found without spot or 
blemish. 

May we have the gracious spirit of the 
apostle, when he said, " Having food and 
raiment, let us be content." 

A funeral discourse preached by the 
Rev. Elijah Jones, on hearmg of the death 
of that celebrated philanthropist, AYm. 
Ladd, Esq., a resident of Minot, who 
died at Portsmouth, N. H., April 9 th, 
1841. It was an interesting discourse, 
and a just character to tlie great and 
good man. 2 Samuel, 8 : 38. " And 
the king said unto his servants. Know ye 



MISCELLANEOUS. 229 

not that there is a pnnce, and a great 
man fallen this clay in Israel V 

An Appropriate Text. Rev. R. R. 
Greely, chaplain of the House of Eepre- 
sentatives, U. S. A., preached the funeral 
sermon of Mr. Adams, Ex-President. Job 
11 : 17. " And thine age shall be clearer 
than the noon day; thou shalt shine 
forth, thou shalt be as the morning." 

These words were spoken by a godly 
Quakeress when presentmg some articles 
of clothing to a poor destitute traveler, 
who entered her domicil. " When thou 
seest any one in distress, and it is in thy 
power to relieve him, remember he is thy 
brother." 

Favorite Rules. 

1. Never put off till tomorrow what 
you can do to-day. 

20 



230 MISCELLANEOUS. 

2. Never trouble others to do what 
you can do yourself. 

3. Never spend your money before 
you have it. 

4. Never buy what you do not want, 
because it is cheap. 

5. Nothing is troublesome, that we 
do willingly. 

6. How much pains those evils cost, 
that never happened. 

7. Take things always by their 
smooth liandle. 

8. When angry, count ten before you 
speak, if very angry, one hundred. 

9. Never waste counsel upon those 
who will not take it. 

10. I think implicit confidence with 
advice given ought not to be expected. 

Cruel. The tender mercies of the 
wicked are cruel ; even their kindness 
ensnares and murders men's souls. Prov. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 231 

12: 10. To breathe out cruelty is to 
utter threatenings, and to delight in 
want of tender sympathy, and in doing 
mischief. Ps. 27 : 12. 

We are quite indebted to the amiable 
Miss E. Lord, for the pretty poetry pre- 
sented. Miss E. Lord is a teacher in the 
city, and an interesting young lady. 

Here's a health to thee, good Boston, 

Fair city of the brave ! 
Long may the flag of honor 

O'er thee, its pinions wave ; 
Long may the well of knowledge 

Spring forth in gushings sweet, 
A swelling and a rising flood, 

For our goodly city meet. 

There are kindly hearts within thee, 

And tones of love, that tell 
How with the joys of brother man. 

The gen'rous soul will sv/ell ; 
How the grasping hand will welcome 

The hand of honest toil, 
And work and knowledge mingle 

On our ovra New England soil. 



232 MISCELLANEOUS. 

The heart is ever open ; 

The hand is free to give, 
And the memory of the gen'rous, 

In grateful hearts •will live. 
On honor's page is shining 

Full many a worthy name, 
Wreath'd with the glorious circlet, 

Of high and noble fame. 

Souls of the loved and honored, 

In passing from the sight, 
Have left upon their children 

Their mantles, glowing bright 
With gen'rous love, with charity. 

With ev'ry high desire, — 
And many noble sons have prov'd 

Flight worthy of their sire. 

■ We are proud of thee, our birthplace ! 

We're proud of thee, our home ! 
We could not find a fairer land 

If we the world might roam; 
Nor kindlier hearts, nor nobler souls. 

O'er all this beauteous earth ; 
Thy sons are worthy of their land, 

The land of freedom's birth ! 



MISCELLANEOUS. 233 

Female Education. 

It has already been stated that the 
author early engaged in educating the 
young, and the proper education of her 
own sex has always been among the de- 
sires and efforts of her life. Hence she 
is pleased to make, in this place, the fol- 
lowing quotation, upon female education, 
from the pen of Wm. M. Cornell, M. D. 

" The subject of female education, 
within the memory of the writer (who 
has not yet lived half a century) was but 
little thought of Men, and women too, 
w^ho would strain every nerve, and en- 
dure great privations and expense to edu- 
cate their sons, felt no necessity, and put 
forth no effort, to confer educational en- 
dowments upon their daughters. It 
seemed, in the language of the learned 
and facetious Trumbull, as though 

' They loved Mahomet's rules, who holds 
That -women ne'er were born with souls,' 
20* 



234 MISCELLANEOUS. 

or intellects of any kind. Even clergy- 
men, civil officers and professed instruct- 
ors, were all in this condemnation. But 
within the last twenty-five years, a 
change, much for the better, has come 
over the community, and much more in 
keeping with the Christian religion. In 
all the States of our Union, female semi- 
naries have been reared, richly endowed, 
and furnished with competent teachers. 
These have arisen through j;>'iyrtfc muni- 
ficence. Also, m our own' commonwealth 
(and I think in some others) the public 
coffers have been opened for this same 
benevolent purpose, and the result has 
been the establishment of Normal schools 
for the thorough literary qualification of 
female teachers ; and those who have had 
the most to do with instruction in our 
public schools, have been convinced that 
females make by far the best and most 
successful instructors in them; especially 



MISCELLANEOUS. 235 

is this the case with the younger portion, 
(which is much the larger) of the pupils. 
It is the opinion of many of the lovers of 
education, that it would he preferable to 
employ female teachers to males, even at 
the same salaries. 

" The enterprise of female education, 
which has for some time been thus 
smiled upon by private benefaction, and 
by the public endowment of Normal 
schools, has recently received a new im- 
petus by the regular chartering of liter- 
ary colleges for females in several of the 
States of the Union, of which there is 
one in Georgia, one in Missouri, and in 
several other States. These colleges 
have all the endowments, rights and 
privileges that are conferred upon the 
colleges of the land for the education of 
young men. They have power, and ex- 
ercise it, of conferring degrees upon all 
who pursue a regular course of study for 



236 MISCELLANEOUS. 

three years, and sustain a good and satis- 
factory examination upon the branches 
authorized and required to be studied by 
the faculty of such colleges. 

" This is as it should be. What valid 
reason can be advanced against iti With 
such examples of eminent vromen as have 
arisen in the world, it is quite too late to 
attempt to maintain that females are as 
competent to attain as thorough, and as 
finished an education, in all the branches 
of science and literature, as males. The 
Moores, and Sigourneys, and multitudes 
of others, stand up in fearful array 
against such an opinion." 

Memoir of IVm M. Cornell, A. 3f., M. D. 

We give the following sketch of the 
life of a particular living friend, as we 
doubt not our readers will feel deeply 
interested in one who has, and is still 
accomplishing much good. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 237 

The Eev. ^Yilliam M. Cornell, A. M., 
M. D., was born in the town of Berkley, 
Mass., October 16th, 1802. He prepared 
himself for college by his own eiforts, 
and without aid from any other source. 
During his college course, he supported 
himself by teaching school. He became 
a member of the church in his native 
town, September 9th, 1823. He gradu- 
ated with honors, at Brown University, 
in the class of 1827, the first class under 
president AVayland, and which the now 
venerable president, has ever character- 
ized as " his Pioneers." 

He studied Theology with the Eev. 
Thomas Andros, of Berkley, and the Eev. 
Timothy Davis, of Wellfleet. He was 
licensed to preach, October 29th, 1828, 
by the Barnstable Association of Congre- 
gational ministers, and ordained as an 
Evangelist, by the Piscataqua Associa- 
tion, at Exeter, N". H., January 19th, 



238 MISCELLANEOUS. 

1830. He was installed pastor of the 
first church, in Woodstock, Conn., June 
15 th, 1831. He married Miss Emeline 
Augusta Loud, of Weymouth, Mass., 
January 18th, 1832. He resigned his 
pastoral charge at Woodstock, August 
12th, 1834, and was installed, as pastor 
of the Evangelical Congregational church 
in Quincy, Mass., August 20th, 183-4. 
He resigned the pastoral charge of this 
church, on account of the failure of his 
health, July 8th, 1839. For the next 
three years, he taught a family boarding- 
school in Quincy, which was very poj)u- 
lar ; receiving pupils from a great dis- 
tance, even from Mobile to the British 
Provinces. He removed from Quincy to 
Boston, November 15 th, 1842, where he 
taught a school for young ladies, one 
year. He then completed his medical 
education, and received the Degree of 
Doctor in Medicine, from the Berkshire 



MISCELLANEOUS. 239 

Medical Institution, February 17th, 1845. 
Since which time, he has been in the 
practice of medicine in Boston, preaching 
occasionally, as health Avould admit, and 
opportunity offered. 

He would never have given up the 
active duties of the ministry, had he not 
been compelled to do so by such disease 
and debility of the vocal organs, as abso- 
lutely prevented him from speaking in 
public a considerable part of the time. 
Since he has been a practitioner of medi- 
cine, he has been very successful in 
several chronic diseases, such as nervous 
affections, epilepsy, and diseases of the 
throat and lungs ; often receiving patients 
and being called to visit them several 
hundred miles. A book might be filled 
with the letters he has received from 
patients and their friends, thanking him 
for the good he has been the instrument 
of bestowing upon them. Perhaps no 



240 MISCELLANEOUS. 

one who has begun the practice of medi- 
cine at so late a period of life, has had a 
wider practice, or one attended with more 
success, in the diseases to which he has 
given special attention. 

When the movement was made both 
in Boston and Philadelphia, to educate 
females to practice in obstetrics, and in 
diseases of their own sex, he viewed it as 
one calculated to do good, by opening a 
wider field of usefulness to women, and 
keeping those who were not qualified 
properly, from entering upon duties 
which they could not perform iinder- 
standingly. He was appointed in 1852, 
professor of Physiology, Hygiene and 
Medical Jurisprudence in the F. M. Col- 
lege of Pennsylvania, a regularly chart- 
ered medical college ; and also, professor 
of the same branches in the N. E. F. M. 
College. In 1853, he was unanimously 
elected, by the trustees and corporation. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 241 

president of the Penn. Medical Univer- 
sity, of Philadelphia, which appointment 
he did not accept. 

" , His published works are numerous, 
among which may be named the follow- 
ing : " A Dedicatory Address, at Har- 
wich, Mass.," as early as 1829. "A 
Sermon, delivered at Quincy," "A Funer- 
al Sermon at Stoughton," " A Grammar 
of the English Language," "Consump- 
tion Prevented," which passed through 
seven editions ; " Consumption Treated," 
showing its curability in certain cases ; 
" The Sabbath made for Man," " Practi- 
cal Observations on the Inhalation of 
Powders and Vapors in Diseases of the 
Air Passages and of the Lungs," and 
" The Journal of Health, a monthly peri- 
odical, devoted to the Promotion of 
Plealth and Education; in three vol- 
umes ;" " A Temperance Address on the 
Fourth of July, in Quincy." Besides 

21 



242 MISCELLANEOUS. 

these works, he has written numerous 
articles on science, health, education, and 
other topics for the Boston Medical and 
Surgical Journal, the Charleston, S. C. 
Medical Journal and Review ; and been 
a regular correspondent for two years of 
two of the religious papers of Philadel- 
phia. 

Having known what it was to acquire 
an education by his own efforts, Dr. C. 
has done much to induce many young 
men and women to qualify themselves for 
teachers, often giving them instruction 
gratuitously, or waiting upon them for a 
small pecuniary remuneration, until they 
should earn and be able to pay it by 
their own efforts. The aid thus given 
has often proved of great benefit to those 
who had not the means of qualifying 
themselves for usefulness, and rarely has 
this beneficence been misplaced. He has 
frequently spent half a day with n young 



MISCELLANEOUS. 243 

person in going from one place to anoth- 
er, to introduce him into some honorable 
and profitable employment. 

The writer will ever remember with 
pleasure, the season when the Rev. Mr. 
C. supplied the pulpit, in Dover, N. H., 
where she then resided, and at whose 
house he boarded. The acquaintance 
has been a pleasant one, and has been 
maintained till the present time. 

Eminent Men. 

Hon. J. P. Hale, of N. H., candidate 
for President of the U. S. 

Hon. Abbot Lawrence, minister pleni- 
potentiary of U. S. to St. James' Court, 
one of the "merchant princes" of Boston, 
is highly respected by foreign powers, 
much beloved and esteemed at home. 

Hon. Charles Sumner, present U. S. 
Senator, from Mass., is an eloquent 



244 MISCELLANEOUS. 

speaker, perceptions rapid, reasoning 
clear and conclusive, frank, pure, and 
beneficent. 

Hon. Eufus Choate, a second Black- 
stone. — Counselor at law. 

John C. Warren, M. D. "Unfading 
are the laurels " of such men as Dr. 
Warren. 

John B. Brown, M. D., fellow of the 
Mass. Medical Society, member of the 
American Medical Association, and of 
the Boston Society for Medical Improve- 
ment. 

Dr. Hitchcock, is a professional den- 
tist, and may be said to be superior in 
skill. 

Col. N. A. Thompson, when a young 
man, w^as of much promise ; as he came 
forward in years, and business, he w^as 
crowned with prosperity and success. 
But few young men step up the hill of 
affluence as early. Col. Thompson is a 



MISCELLANEOUS. 245 

gentlemanly man, hospitable and kind to 
all. "We hardly see in a business capa- 
city how the city of Boston could do 
without him. 

My warmest thanks are due to my 
aged Boston friend Mrs. B., for her gen- 
erous and noble acts bestowed. May 
her useful life be long spared, and her 
last days be her best. 

Railroad Men. 

There is no class of men the public 
are under more obligation to, than those 
men who are engaged on the railroad 
stations. The lives of the traveling pub- 
lic are apparently at their disposal ; the 
great care and attention that is constant- 
ly required from those kind and amiable 
conductors, and from the laborious and 
worthy baggage master and fireman, is 
incessant. There has not been a fatal 

21* 



246 MISCELLANEOUS. 

accident, save one, occurred in New 
Hampshire or Maine, by any omission of 
duty. Messrs. Tucker, Ackerman, Hall, 
Smith, Wadleigh, and Kenney, with oth- 
ers, which memory fails me to enumer- 
ate, whose efforts are untiring in bestow- 
ing their time and attention to the thou- 
sands who annually pass those several 
railroads. 

Tucker, Ackerman, and Kenney, were 
among the first, with their noble agents, 
Col. Colman and Hiram Plumer, of Mass., 
Hale and Waterhouse, of Maine, who 
engaged in the great stage enterprise in 
New Hampshire. For many years, with 
their associates, they accommodated the 
public with untiring efforts. 

Mr. Tucker is a gentlemanly man, 
affable and kind to all. Mr. Ackerman 
is a sedate man, and is highly respected, 
has been favorably noticed by the presen- 
tation of a silver sett. Mr, Kenney and 



MISCELLANEOUS. 247 

Mr. S. Kimball, were the first two enter- 
prising young men, that drove the stage 
through, from Dover to Conway, which 
was considered at that time, a great effort 
to get through the country roads, with a 
four horse coach. And those who are 
now living who witnessed the passing of 
those stages, twice a week, and the favors 
received from them, will not easily forget 
with what pleasure they anticipated the 
arrival of those worthy young men, sit- 
ting upon their boxes, and in their boxes 
something to distribute to those on the 
way side, for their happiness and com- 
fort. The amiable widow of the Rev. 
Mr. Walker, of Milton, who survives her 
beloved husband, related to the writer a 
short time since, when her husband was 
confined with his last sickness, with 
what solicitude he would look forward 
to the hour of the arrival of those stages, 
hoping those kind young men would 



248 MISCELLANEOUS. 

bring him some article that could not be 
obtained there, as they were accustomed 
to do. 

We regret we have not the pleasure of 
knowing those who are engaged on the 
beautiful and pleasant railroad route from 
Cocheco Falls to Alton Bay. 

Rockporf, Mass, 

We learn from a respectable source, 
since our work went to press, that the 
house formerly kept by Mr. C. Norwood, 
of Rockport, Mass., is re-opened by a 
gentleman from New Hampshire. It is 
now the reception house for the public ; 
has fine accommodations, and the best 
attention paid. 

Rockport has the advantage of almost 
any other watering place. It is a beauti- 
ful village, with about three thousand 
inhabitants ; it abounds in choice fruit. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 249 

and fine vegetables. John Parsons, Esq., 
has a superior garden of many acres, 
which contains every variety of choice 
fruit. It is said by some to be equal to 
any in the vicinity of Boston. The citi- 
zens are fast building beautiful situations, 
and laying out their front yards with fine 
flower beds. A railroad from the flour- 
ishing town of Gloucester to Rockport, 
is anticipated at an early day. 

The people of E-ockport are wealthy, 
which has been accumulated by industry, 
and close application to business. We 
heard an agent remark while residing 
there, it was one of the most prompt 
places to meet engagements he had met 
with. We are much indebted to the 
kind and amiable family of Dea. Giles. 

There are four societies well united in 
each other, as has been mentioned in 
another chapter. 

While there, we visited a large and 



250 MISCELLANEOUS. 

floiu'ishing Sabbatli school ; the superin- 
tendent, a devotedly pious good man, told 
us, he had constantly attended the school 
from the commencement, twenty-eight 
years, or thereabouts ; and it would be 
his desire to step out of the Sabbath 
school into heaven. 

Hull, Mass. 

Hull is one of the most beautiful 
places m the vicinity of Boston, for a 
summer retreat. It has two good public 
houses, for the accommodation of visitors, 
the Oregon and Mansion. The Oregon 
is a fine house, and very pleasantly situ- 
ated ; has a fine view of the sea. It is 
kept by Mr. E. Gould, Jr., proprietor; 
an accommodating landlord. The Man- 
sion House has fine accommodations for 
bathing, and is too well know^n to the 
public, to need any commendation. 



MISCELLA^^EOUS. 251 

We are indebted to Madam Gushing, 
and to the ladies of Hull, for their pat- 
ronage and kindness. May success and 
prosperity ever attend the good people of 
Hull. 

Forgiveness. " He is unwise and un- 
happy who never forgets the injuries he 
may have received. They come across 
the heart like dark shadows, when the 
sunshine of happiness would bless him, 
and throw him into a tumult that does 
not easily subside. The demon of hate 
reigns in his bosom, and makes him of 
all accountable creatures, the most miser- 
able. Have you been injured in purse 
or character"? Let the smiling angel of 
forgiveness find repose in your bosom. 
Study not how you may revenge, but 
return good for evil." 

The sandal tree perfumes when riven, 
The axe that Laid it low ; 



252 MISCELLA^NEODS. 

Let man ^vho hopes to be forgiven, 
For";ive and bless his foe. 



Detraction. Nothing can be more in- 
congruous with the spirit of the gospel, 
the example of Christ, the command of 
God, and the love of mankind; than a 
spirit of detraction. And yet there are 
many, who never seem happy, but when 
they are employed in this work; they 
feed and live upon the faults of others. 
They allow excellence to none ; they 
depreciate every thing that is praise- 
worthy. 

O my soul, come thou not unto their 
assembly, mine honor, be not thou 
united. — H. Buck. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 253 

Public House in Dover, N. H. 

Opened the Dover Hotel, May, 1816. 
At the comnienceinent of hotel-keepmg 
in Dover, we were honored with the 
wisdom of the Strafford County bar. 
Hon. Jeremiah Mason, Hon. Jeremiah 
Smith, Hon. Ichabod Bartlett, and J. 
P. Hale, with their associates, were 
inmates, a long series of years at our 
house. Mr. Mason removed to Boston, 
some years before his death. It would 
be in vain for me to speak of Mr. Mason's 
talents as a counselor at law, he was 
second to no man. 

Judge Smith, on the bench, was with- 
out an equal. We have frequently heard 
gentlemen say they have walked six miles 
to hear his charge to the jury. 

Judge Woodbury was an excellent 
man ; in his early days, when attending 
court, he brought liis Bible. Mr. Wood- 



254: MirCELLAlSEOUS. 

bury, as my readers all know, held many 
important offices in Congress, before ap- 
pointed judge of tlie United States Court. 

Mr. Bartlett was a talented man, a 
good counselor. 

Mr. Hale was early cut down ; he was 
an affable gentleman, and very much be- 
loved. He was the life of the company 
in w^hich he was. He was father to 
the Hon. John P. Hale. 

Tiie above named have passed from 
scenes of life and activity, to scenes un- 
known. 

If this humble work should come to 
the eye of any of those worthy counselors 
who were inmates of the bar and house 
at that time, no doubt their recollection 
will be vivid of those by- gone days. 

Biographi/. 

Dea. Jolm W. Hayes, was eldest son of 
Aaron Hayes, who was a rcspectabk^ far- 



MISCELLANEOUS. 255 

mer, whose wife was the granddaughter 
of the Rev. Jonathan Gushing, as has 
been mentioned before. The only means 
of education enjoyed by the subject of 
this sketch, was in the common and select 
schools of his native town. By close ap- 
plication to study, he obtained a good 
English education ; and for many years 
was sought unto as a public teacher, and 
tilled that station in different parts -of the 
community, with great satisfaction. He 
was possessed of great amiability of tem- 
per, very agreeable in his intercourse with 
his friends. Was chosen Deacon of the 
lirst Congregational church, over whom 
his maternal grandfather's ministration ex- 
tended fifty-two years. It was late in life 
when he changed his situation ; he mar- 
ried Miss E-uth Emerson, of Haverhill, 
Mass., a lady of piety and high respecta- 
bility. Xo man could enjoy life better 
than Mr. Hayes after marriage. But he 



256 MISCELLANEOUS. 

was spared but a few years to the partner 
of his choice. As he saw his dissolution 
drawing near, he gave his property to his 
beloved wife, with the exception of two 
small legacies to young relatives. Dea. 
Hayes died as he lived, perfectly resigned 
to the will of his Saviour. ^Irs. Hayes 
survives her honored husband, and re- 
sides at the mansion house of her late 
parents, which is one of the antiquated 
landmarks in the beautiful and flourish- 
ing town of Haverhill, Mass. ; where the 
long tried and much respected William 
Brown, Esq., has for a quarter of a cen- 
tury kept one of the best public houses 
in the New England states. 

Ministry in Dover, N. 7/., from 1812. 

Joseph Ward Clary, fourteenth minis- 
ter, was born in Rowe, Mass., November 
21st, 1786 ; graduated at Middlebury 



MISCELLANEOUS. 257 

College in 1808, received his theological 
education at Andover, and was ordained 
pastor of this church, May 7th, 1812 ; 
whose ministry and church-membership 
the writer had the privilege of enjoying 
till he was dismissed by mutual council, 
August 6th, 1828. 

Mr. Clary was truly " a good and pious 
mati ;" his field of labor was arduous, but 
he persevered and sowed the good seed, 
that since has been cultivated and 
brought forth fruit. He married Miss 
Anna Farrar, daughter of the late Judge 
Farrar, of New Ipswich, N. H. Mrs. 
Clary was an amiable lady : she was early 
and suddenly called to change worlds, 
leaving a kind and affectionate husband, 
three children, and a large circle of 
friends to mourn her departure. 

Mr. Clary's second marriage was to 
the widow of the Rev. Mr. Hall, eldest 
daughter of Judge Farrar, a pious, active 

22* 



258 JIISCELLAISIEOUS. 

Christian, who was a great acquisition to 
the society. Mr, Clary's marriage added 
much to his domestic happiness. 

Hubbard Winslow, fifteenth minister, 
was born in Williston, Vt. ; graduated 
at Yale College, in 1825 ; received his 
theological education at New Haven and 
Andover, and was ordained pastor, Dec. 
4th, 1828. Mr. Winslow's field of labor 
was a very promising one. The people 
had a regard and love for him, and some- 
how or other, it was in advance, it arrived 
before he arrived ; there was not a dissent- 
ing voice. He commenced his labors with 
great zeal and perseverance, and soon an 
interesting revival of religion commenced. 
In the midst of it, his health failed. 
During the ministry of Mr. Winslow, and 
previous to the settlement of his suc- 
cessor, one hundred and seventy-four 
were added to the church. He was dis- 
missed by council, November 30th, 1831. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 259 

David Root, sixteenth minister, was 
born in Pierpont, TSf. H. ; graduated at 
Middlebury college in 1816 ; received his 
theological education principally under the 
direction of Dr. N. S. S. Beman, (now of 
Troy, N. Y.,) and Dr. I. Brown, of South 
Carolina ; labored as a missionary some 
time in Georgia ; was ordained pastor o 
the second Presbyterian church in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, in 1820 ; resigned his charge 
in 1832, and was installed pastor of the 
first church in Dover, February 6th, 
1833. During his ministry one hundred 
and sixty-five were added to the church. 
His connection ceased the 4th of Septem- 
ber, 1839. 

Mr. Poot was a persevering man ; 
whatever he did, was done with all his 
might. He was amiable in his disposi- 
tion, kind and benevolent. "The im- 
press of his profession was on all his 
deeds ;" especially for liberty and equali- 



260 MISCELLANEOUS. 

ty, and the abolishing of slavery. After 
his installation in Dover, he married Miss 
Mary Gordon, of Portsmouth, N. H., a 
well educated and refined lady, well cal- 
culated to assist her husband in his paro- 
chial duties; was much beloved by all 
societies, and a great acquisition to her 
own. 

Jeremiah Smith Young, seventeenth 
minister, was born in Whitestown, jS". Y. ; 
received his theological education at An- 
dover, where he graduated in 1839 ; Avas 
successor to the Rev. Mr. Root, and was 
ordained November 20th, 1839 ; his con- 
nection was dissolved September 4th, 
18-13, in consequence of ill health. Dur- 
ing his ministry, one hundred and eighty- 
three united with the church. 

Mr. Young was an active, enterprising 
man, he labored zealously in the cause, 
and but few ministers were more success- 
ful, as will be seen by the large accession 



MISCELLANEOUS. 261 

to the church, during the short period of 
his ministration. 

Mrs. Young was a daughter of the late 
J. Warland, Esq., of Andover, an amiable 
lady ; none could visit her but to love 
and admire her. 

Homer Barrows, eighteenth minister, 
was born, in Wareham, Mass., December 
19th, 1806 ; graduated at Amherst col- 
lege in 1831, and at Andover theological 
seminary, in 1834; was ordained pastor 
of the second church in Middleboro', 
Mass., in 1834; left that place in 1842; 
was stated supply at Norton, Mass., for 
three years ; and was installed pastor of 
this church, July 9th, 1845. His con- 
nection was terminated by a mutual 
council, held July 6th, 1852. During 
his pastorate, fifty-eight were added to the 
church. Mr. Barrows was installed pas- 
tor of the Congregational church in 
Wareham, Mass., October 27th, 1852. 



262 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Mr. Barrows was a grave, sober man, 
a sound preacher, a good parocliial min- 
ister ; untiring in liis efforts to visit 
the sick and afflicted, and was very much 
esteemed and beloved by his people, 

Benjamin Franklin Parsons, the nine- 
teenth minister of the first parish, was 

born in Wiscassett, ■ 22d, 

1820 ; graduated at Bowdoin college in 
1841 ; received his theological education 
at jSTew York, and Bangor; graduating 
at Bangor Theological Seminary, in 1846. 
He was ordained as the first pastor of the 
Congregational church, at Watertown, 
Wiscassett, June 25th, 1847. Installed as 
first pastor of the first church at Wauke- 
gan. 111., November 1st, 1848; resigned 
his charge in October, 1852, and was 
installed pastor of this church, January 
12th, 1853. 

The Bev. Mr. Parsons is a minister of 
much promise ; was the choice of his 



MISCELLANEOUS. 263 

people. May his ministration be blessed 
to them, and they enjoy a long life of 
Christian love and union together. 

There are but few towns which have 
been favored with such able ministers as 
Dover, in all the different religious soci- 
eties. The Kev. Dr. Lothrop who is now 
a star in Boston, was one of the beloved 
ministers of D. Mrs. Lothrop was a 
daughter of the Rev. Dr. Buckminster, of 
Portsmouth, N. H. ; is an amiable lady, 
much beloved and admired by all. 

Rev. John Parkman, a distinguished 
clergyman, was a settled minister in Do- 
ver. Mr. Parkman was an independent 
man in every sense of the word ; he was 
a fine preacher, and a friend to the op- 
pressed, and did not fail to declare his 
true principles in his pulpit. The writer 
regrets that we are unable to mention 
the several ministers now residing there, 
having been absent some time. 



264 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Selected for the Curious. 

A Lady Freemason. — The Hon. Eliza- 
beth St. Leger, was the only female ever 
initiated into the ancient mystery of free- 
masonry. How she obtained this honor 
we shall lay before our readers. Lord 
Doneraile, Miss St. Leger's father, a very 
zealous mason, held a warrant, and occa- 
sionally opened a lodge at Doneraile 
House ; his sons and some intimate 
friends assisting ; and it is said that never 
were the masonic duties more rigidly per- 
formed than by them. Previous to the 
initiation of a gentleman to the first steps 
of masonry, Miss St. Leger, who was a 
young girl, happened to be in an apart- 
ment adjoining the room generally used 
as a lodge-room. This room at the time 
was undergoing some alterations ; amongst 
other thing?:, the wall was considerably 
ro(hiccd in one p v.t. The young lady 



MISCELLANEOUS. 265 

having heard the voices of the freemasons, 
and prompted by the curiosity natural to 
all, to see this mystery, so long and so 
secretly locked up from public view, she 
had the courage to pick a brick from the 
wall with her scissors, and witnessed the 
ceremony through the two first steps. 
Curiosity satisfied, fear at once took pos- 
session of her mind. There was no mode 
of escape, except through the very room 
where the concluding part of the second 
step was still being solemnized, and that 
being at the far end, and the room a very 
large one, she had resolution sufficient to 
attempt her escape that way ; and with 
light but trembling step glided along un- 
observed, laid her hand on the handle of 
the door, and gently opening it, before 
her stood, to her dismay, a grim and 
surly tyler, with his long sword un- 
sheathed. A shriek that pierced through 
the apartment, alarmed the members of 



266 MISCELLANEOUS. 

the lodge, who, all rushuig to the door, 
and findrag that Miss St. Leger had 
been in the room during the ceremony, 
in the first paroxysm of their rage, her 
death was resolved on, but from the 
mooying supplication of her younger 
brother, her life was saved, on condition 
of her going through the whole of the 
solemn ceremony she had unlawfully 
witnessed. This she consented to, and 
they conducted the beautiful and terrified 
young lady through those trials which 
are sometimes more than enough for mas- 
culine resolution, little thinking they 
were taking into the bosom of their craft 
a member that would afterwards reflect a 
lustre on the annals of masonry. The 
lady was cousin to General Anthony St. 
Leger, governor of St. Lucia, who insti- 
tuted the interesting race and the cele- 
biMiod Don caster St. Leger stakes. Miss 
Sr. Le;>cr married llichard Aldwovth; 



MISCELLANEOUS. 267 

Esq., of Newmarket, Whenever a bene- 
fit was given at the theatre in Dublin or 
Cork, for the Masonic Female Orphan 
Asylum, she walked at the head of the 
freemasons with their apron and other 
insignia of freemasonry, and sat in the 
front row of the stage boxes. The house 
was always crowded on these occasions. 
Her portrait is in the lodge-room of al- 
most every lodge in Ireland. — Chronicle. 

Fordyce Hitchcock. — What a scene of 
moral beauty is beheld when a child is 
seen administering to the comforts of his 
aged parents. And with truth has it 
been said, " I defy you to show me a son 
that has discharged his duty to those who 
cherished him in infancy, who ever per- 
manently failed in the honest and lauda- 
ble pursuits of life." The subject of this 
sketch affords an admirable illustration 
of the truth of the above remark. Now 



268 MISCELLANEOUS. 

a prosperous merchant of New York, his 
aged parents, an impotent brother, and a 
maiden sister, have long found in him, 
alike a staff to old age, and a support in 
affliction. Mr. Hitchcock was born in 
Danbury, m the state of Connecticut ; 
and being one of a large family of chil- 
dren, was early thrown upon his own re- 
sources, both for his support and educa- 
tion. Many were the hardships he un- 
derwent ; but he persevered through 
them all, and in the darkest hours, he 
ever " looked towards the light." In 
1842 he removed to New York city, and 
in the following year he became mana- 
gers assistant in the American Museum. 
In this capacity he served for eight 
months ; after which, on the departure 
of Mr. Barnum, the proprietor, for Eu- 
rope, he assumed the entire management 
of the concern. His quick and ready 
judgment enabled him to see, at a glance, 



MISCELLANEOUS. 269 

the result of every thing connected with 
his business, together with all its various 
bearings; and seeing them, his untiring 
energy and indomitable perseverance 
carried through every measure he ad- 
opted, and brought in a golden harvest to 
the treasury of that establishment. On 
his retirement from the museum, he car- 
ried with him the best wishes as well as 
the sympathies of almost every person con- 
nected with the establishment ; as was 
attested by the presentation to him, by 
the worthy proprietor and employees, of 
a service of splendid silver plate. 

As a merchant, his habits of industry, 
urbanity, and benevolence, cannot fail of 



The following is an extract of a letter 
from John Adams, alluding to the first 
prayer in Congress: 

Here was a scene worthy of a pamter's 

23* 



270 MISCELLANEOUS. 

art. It was in Carpenter's Hall, Phila- 
delphia, a building which still survives, 
that the devoted individuals met to whom 
this service was read. Washington was 
kneeling there, and Henry, and Ran- 
dolph, and Rutlege, and Lee, and Jay ; 
and by their side stood, bowed in rever- 
ence, the puritan patriots of New Eng- 
land, who at that moment had reason to 
believe that an armed soldiery were 
wasting their humble households. It 
was believed that Boston had been bom- 
barded and destroyed. They prayed fer- 
vently for " America, for the Congress, 
for the province of Massachusetts Bay, 
and especially for the town of Boston ;" 
and who can realize the emotions with 
which they turned imploringly to heaven 
for divine interposition and aid ] " It 
was enough to melt a heart of stone. I 
saw the tears gush into the eyes of the old, 
grave, pacific Quakers of Philadelphia." 



MISCELLANEOUS. 271 

John Adams' Interview with George III. 

The following is an extract from a let- 
ter to Mr. Jay, in which Mr. Adams de- 
scribes Ills first interview with the king. 
Having been introduced to his majesty 
by the Marquis of Carmarthen, he says : 

" I went with his lordship through the 
levee-room into the king's closet ; the 
door was shut, and I was left with his 
majesty and the secretary of state alone. 
I made the references, — one at the door, 
another about half way, and the third 
before the presence, — according to the 
nsaffe established at this and all the 
northern courts of Europe, and then 
addressed myself to his majesty in the 
following words: 

" Sir, the United States have appointed 
me their minister plenipotentiary to your 
majesty, and have directed me to deliver 
to your majesty this letter, which con- 



272 MISCELLANEOUS. 

tains the evidence of it. It is in obedi- 
ence to their express commands, that I 
have the honor to assure your majesty of 
their unanimous disposition and desire to 
cultivate the most friendly and liberal 
intercourse between your majesty's sub- 
jects and their citizens, and of their 
wishes for your majesty's health and hap- 
piness, and for that of your royal family. 
The appointment of a minister from the 
United States to your majesty's court, 
will form an epoch in the history of Eng- 
land and America. I think myself more 
fortunate than all my fellow citizens, 
having the distinguished honor to be the 
first to stand in your majesty's royal 
presence in a diplomatic character ; and 
I shall esteem myself the happiest of men, 
if I can be instrumental in recommend- 
ing my country more and more to your 
majesty's royal benevolence, and of re- 
storing an entire esteem, confidence, and 



MISCELLANEOUS. 273 

affection ; or, in better words, ' the old 
good-nature, and the old good-humor,' 
between people who, though separated by 
an ocean, and under different govern- 
ments, have the same language, a similar 
religion, and kindred blood. I beg your 
majesty's permission to add, that although 
I have sometimes before been intrusted 
by my country, it was never in my whole 
life, in a manner so agreeable to myself." 

The king listened to every word I said 
with dignity, it is true, but with an ap- 
parent emotion. Whether it was the 
nature of the interview, or whether it 
was my visible agitation, for I felt more 
than I could express, that touched him, I 
cannot say ; but he was much affected, 
and answered me v/ith more tremor than 
I had spoken with, and said: 

" Sir, the circumstances of this audi- 
ence are so extraordinary, the language 
you have now held is so extremely 



274 miscellajS'eous. 

proper, nnd the feelings you have discov- 
ered so justly adapted to the occasion, 
that I must say that I not only receive 
with pleasure the assurances of the 
friendly disposition of the people of the 
United States, but I am very glad the 
choice has fallen upon you to be their 
minister. I v^ish you, sir, to believe, and 
that it may be understood in America, 
that I have done i\othing in the late con- 
test but what I thought myself indispen- 
sably bound to do, by the duty which I 
OAved to my people. I will be very frank 
with you. I was the last to conform to 
the separation ; but the separation having 
been made, and having become inevitable, 
I have always said, as I say now, that I 
would be the first to meet the friendship 
of the United States as an independent 
power. The moment I see such senti- 
ments and language as yours prevail, and 
a disposition to give this country the pre- 



MISCELLAM-:oUS. 275 

ference, that moment I shall say, let the 
circumstances of language, religion, and 
blood, have their natural and full effect." 

_ Patrick W, Tompkins. 

About forty years ago, somewhere in 
the woods near the line between Tennes- 
see and Kentucky, in a log cabin sixteen 
feet by eighteen, which was already occu- 
pied by a brood of ten or twelve children, 
was born a youngster^ the hero of our 
ske'tch. In his infancy he was fed on 
hog and hominy, and the flesh of such 
" wild varmints " as were caught in the 
woods. At twelve years of age he was 
put out to work with a neighbor as a 
farm boy ; drove oxen, hoed corn, raised 
tobacco in summer, cured it and prized it 
in winter, till he vras seventeen years old, 
when he took to makins: brick, to which 
he added the profession of a carpenter ; 



zOd miscellaneous. 

and by the successive steps in mechanical 
arts, he became able, by his own unas- 
sisted skill, to rear a house from the clay 
pit or from the stump, and complete it in 
all its parts, and to do it too, in a. manner 
that none of his competitors could sur- 
pass. His panel doors are to this day 
the wonder and admiration of all the 
country in which they continue to swing 
on their hinges. He never saw the inside 
of a school-house or church, till after he 
was eighteen years old. By the assist- 
ance of an old man in the neighborhood, 
he learned, during the winter evenings, 
to read and write, while a farm boy. 
Having achieved these valuable acquisi- 
tions, by the aid of another, all his other 
education has been the fruit of his own 
application and perseverance. At the age 
of twenty-one, he conceived the idea of 
fitting himself for the the practice of the 
law. He at first procured an old copy of 



MISCELLANEOUS. 277 

Blackstone, and having, after the close of 
his daily labors, by nightly studies in his 
log cabin, mastered the contents of that 
compendium of common law, he pursued 
his researches into other elementary 
works. And having thus, by great dili- 
gence, acquired the rudiments of his pro- 
fession, he met with an old lawyer who 
had quit practice, or whose practice had 
quit him, with whom he made a bargain 
for his scanty library, for which he was 
to pay him one hundred and twenty-nine 
dollars in carpenter's work; and the chief 
part of the job to be done in payment for 
these old musty books, was dressing and 
laying an old oaken floor and doors, at 
three dollars per square of ten feet. The 
library paid for, our hero dropped the 
adze, plane and trowel, and we soon after 
hear of him as one of the most prominent 
members of the Mississippi bar, and a 

noble statesman and orator. " I heard 
24 ' 



278 MISCELLANEOUS. 

him one clay," says one, " make two 
speeches in succession, of three hours 
length each, to the same audience ; and 
not a movement testified any weariness 
on the part of a single auditor, and dur- 
ing their delivery, the assembly seemed 
swayed by the orator, as reeds by the 
wind." 

The poor farm boy is at the present 
time a member of Congress, from Missis- 
sippi. His name is Patrick W. Tomp- 
kins ; he is a self-made man, and h"^ 
history shows what a humble boy can do, 
when he determines to try. 

The writer has a special interest in 
selecting this sketch for the Autobiogra- 
phy, hoping it may encourage some poor 
boy " to go and do likewise." 

Elhridge Gerry. 

Unfading are the laurels of such men 
as Elbridge Gerry. He was born at 



MISCELLANEOUS. 279 

Marblehead, Mass., July 17th, 1744. 
From his father, a wealthy merchant, he 
received a liberal education, after which 
he amassed a considerable fortune by 
commercial pursuits. Fearless in expres- 
sion of his sentiments against the op- 
pression of .the mother country, he was 
elected a member of the general court of 
the province, in 1773. He soon became 
a bold and energetic leader, and was 
active in all the leading political move- 
ments, until the war broke out. At the 
time of the battle of Bunker Hill, he was 
a member of the provincial Congress, and 
the night previous to the battle, he and 
General Warren slept together in the 
same bed. In the morning they bid each 
other an affectionate farewell. They 
parted to meet no more on earth, for 
Warren was slain on the battle-field. In 
January, 1776, Mr. Gerry was elected 
a member of the continental Congress, 



280 MISCELLANEOUS. 

wlien he signed his name to the Declara- 
tion of Independence. After serving in 
many important capacities, among which 
was that of governor of his native state, 
in 1811, he was elected vice-president of 
the United States. But before the ex- 
piration of his term, while at the seat of 
government, he died suddenly, November 
23d, 1814, aged seventy years. 

Mrs. Ann Gerry died at New Haven, 
on the 17th of March, 1849. Mrs. Ann 
Gerry, aged eighty-six, relict of vice- 
president Elbridge Gerry, and daughter 
of the venerable Charles Thompson, the 
secretary of the revolutionary Congress. 
She was one of the most elegant and ac- 
complished ladies of her day. Trained 
up amidst the scenes of the revolution, 
she possessed all the energy and firmness 
of those times. During her husband's 
absence as ambassador to France, her 
house was entered by a burglar, when, 



MISCELLANEOUS. 281 

animated with true courage, she seized a 
pistol and encountered him ; he iled be- 
fore her, jumped from a window, broke 
his leg, and was taken. Her husband 
died poor ; and to provide for this relict 
of a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, and vice-president, her son was 
appointed surveyor of the port of Boston. 
A brother in the service of the East India 
Company, left her a handsome fortune. 
Col. J. T. Austin, the late accomplished 
attorney-general of Massachusetts, mar- 
ried her eldest daughter. — Salem Reg- 
ister. 

William Elery. 

Born at Newport, Rhode Island, De- 
cember 22d, 1727; graduated at Harvard 
College in 1747, at the age of twenty; 
and afterwards commenced the practice 
of the law at Newport, where he acquired 
a fortune. Enjoying the entire confi- 



282 MISCELLANEOUS. 

dence of his fellow citizens, he was soon 
called into active service in the canse of 
patriotism. In 1776, he was sent with 
Stephen Hopkins as a delegate to the 
general Congress, where he voted for and 
signed the Declaration of Independence. 
After holding many honorable offices in 
his state, he was appointed judge of the 
supreme court of Ehode Island, where, in 
connection with Rufus King, of New 
York, he made strenuous efforts for the 
abolition of slavery in the United States. 
After the adoption of the constitution in 
1788, he was appointed collector of the 
port of Newport, which office he held 
until his death. He died on the 15 th of 
February, 1820. He was a true patriot, 
and a sincere Christian. 

Morning School in 'Dove?: 

The first private school in Dover, was 
a morning school, commencing at five 



MISCELLANEOUS. 283 

o'clock, and ending at eight. We were 
then teaching the District school through 
the day, numbering from seventy to 
eighty scholars. The young ladies who 
attended the morning school were selected 
from fine families, and were ambitious 
each one to obtain useful knowledge. 
They were intelligent, well instructed, 
and emulous to excel. One of the num- 
ber, who was a fine scholar, well versed 
in mathematics, and a great acquisition 
to the school, had a property in the hands 
of a guardian, which she legally came in 
possession of in the middle of the term. 
The young lady being full of life, energy 
and ambition, invested her property in 
English goods, thinking it would be 
pretty business to retail silks, muslins, 
ribbons and lawns. She requested the 
teacher to take the whole amount of the 
tuition, as it was necessary ' for her to 
leave the school on account of business. 



6 i'^' 



284 MISCELLANEOUS. ^^ . ' -- ^ 

" I have no doubt but she looked away 
from the present, the near, the real, away 
to future, the distant, the ideal." One ^i 
of the members of that school who is a 
worthy member of society, and a tender ^ 
parent, asked the writer in '53, if she | 
recollected an incident that took place in 
that school. A rule was established, if 
any scholar was absent at the school- 
hour, they should pay a fine ; and in 
return, the young ladies requested the 
same obligation to rest on the teacher ; 
which was cheerfully acceded to. Many 
of those then young ladies who attended 
that morning school, are now wives of 
eminent gentlemen, placed in affluent cir- 
cumstances, kind, affectionate mothers, 
and a great acquisition to society. 



THE END. 



^^X)-^ 



